Our country with mountainous terrains from north west to the far east stretching to few thousand kilometers and engulfed by ocean from west,south and south east for about 7000 and odd kilometers, and with not a too friendly neighbouring countries on the west and east, safeguarding the territories is a huge task.
On the home front, with a population of nearly 121 crores, with varied culture, half of the population living in rural areas, maintaining law and order, security, prevention of crime is another massive task.
Thus the external and internal security gains more importance from all other aspects of administration and given priority over other departments. The External security is taken care of by the Armed Forces while the internal security is looked after by the Police Force. Both these forces are ably assisted by various paramilitary forces and other agencies.
The Armed Forces are headed by the President as the Supreme Commander and governed by the Ministry of Defence headed by Manohar Parikkar  as the Cabinet Minister . The Indian Armed Forces have nearly 16 lakh active personnel and ranks third largest armed forces in the world. This Ministry has the following Departments and PSUs under its control:
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE: Deals with Integrated Defence Staff and three services and various inter services organization, defence budget, establishment, policy, defence cooperation with foreign countries and coordination of all activities.
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE PRODUCTION: Defence production, indigenization of important stores, equipment and spares, planning and control of departmental production units of the Ordnance Factory Board and for defence PSUs.
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE R & D: Advises government on scientific aspects of Military equipment and logistics and the formulation research, design and development plans for equipments used by the services.
DEPARTMENT OF EX-SERVICEMEN WELFARE : Deals with all resettlement, welfare and Pensionary matters of ex-servicemen.
With huge budget provisions, (36.03 billion USD for 2011 - 1.83 % of GDP), it is necessary to have control over the finance. It is headed by the Secretary Defence Finance and controlled by Controller General of Defence Accounts.
The Ministry of Defence has the following PSUs under its control besides other production units:
1. BEL Optronics Devices Ltd., 1990 - Pune - manufacturers of "Image Intensifiers" - (http://www.bel-india.com)
2. Bharat Dynamics Ltd., 1970 - Hyderabad - Manufacturers of ammunition and missile systems. ( www.bdl.ap.nic.in)
3. Bharat Earth Movers Ltd., 1964 - Bengaluru - manufacturers of heavy earth moving, transport and mining equipments. (http://www.bemlindia.com/)
4. Bharat Electronics Ltd., 1954 - Bengaluru - Electronic equipments - has 9 factories across India. (www.bel-india.com)
5. Garden Reach Ship Builders & Engineers Ltd., 1960 - Kolkatta - ship builders (www.grse.nic.in)
6. Goa Shipyard Ltd., 1957 - Vasco da Gama - Goa - manufacturers of ships. (www.goashipyard.co.in/)
7. Mazagaon Dock Ltd., 1934 - Mumbai - Naval ships, submarines, tankers, bulk carriers, patrol boats etc.,
8. Mishra Dantu Nigam Ltd., 1973 - Hyderabad - manufacturers of specialized metals and metal alloys for defence. (www.midhani.com)

The internal security, Police Forces and other related agencies takes care of the internal security governed by the Ministry of Home Affairs, headed by Rajnath Singh  as the Cabinet Minister and assisted by Minister of State Haribhai Parthibhai Chaudhary . This Ministry has the following Departments.
DEPARTMENT OF BORDER MANAGEMENT: Management of borders including coastal borders.
DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL SECURITY: Police, Law & Order and Rehabilitation.
DEPARTMENT OF J & K AFFAIRS : Constitutional provisions in respect of Jammu & Kashmir and all other matters relating to the state excluding those with which The Ministry of External Affairs is concerned.
DEPARTMENT OF HOME: Dealing with the notification of assumption of office of the President and Vice President and appointment of Prime Minister and the Ministers.
DEPARTMENT OF OFFICIAL LANGUAGE: Implementation of the Official Language - Hindi.
DEPARTMENT OF STATES : Centre State relations, inter state relations, UTs, and Freedom Fighter Pension.

Initially set up as "Crown Representative's Police" at Neemuch in Madhya Pradesh in 1939 by the British. After independence came to be known as Central Reserve Police Force by an Act in December 1949.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy, Hyderabad started on 15.9.1948.

Central government administered paramilitary force, used in emergency situations internally as well as in the borders, keeping vigil over vital installations like Airports etc. and in any place where situation warrants. The recruitment to these forces are similar to the police force, except for the lower level recruitments are regionalized.

Director General - (Please see under Top Bureaucrats of India) -HQ: Delhi.

Baldev Singh

A.K.Antony 24.10.2006 to 26.5.2014 - 7 Yrs and 7 months.

Service and Loyalty.

Sardar Vallabhai Patel

1. L.K.Advani 19.3.1998 to 22.5.2004 -- 6 Yrs, 2 months, 3 days.
2. Gobind Ballabh Pant 10.1.1955 to 7.3.1961 - 6 Yrs 1 month and 28 days.

A paramilitary force as part of the Armed Forces of India. It was originally established in 1969 as a paramilitary force and then converted into an Armed Force from 15.6.1983, both by an Act of Parliament in the respective years. It functions under the control of Ministry of Home, with a Director General and headquartered at Delhi. It was specifically established to safeguard vital installations like Airports, Ports, Atomic Stations and other designated important structures. At present it has a strength of about 1.05 lakhs. "Protection and Security" is its motto.

1. Internal 2. External 3. Landed Borders 4. Coastal.

In 1893.

Article 355 envisages that the Union to protect the nation from external aggression or internal disturbances.

By the "Ishling Commission Report" in 1917, it came to be known as "Indian Police Service" and in 1932, it became "Indian Police" and remained so until 1949, when it was changed again as "Indian Police Service" by independent India.

Home Ministry – headed by Cabinet Minister, assisted by Ministers of State and other bureaucrats.

Article 312.

The Home Ministry is housed at the North Block of the Parliament building in New Delhi.

Director General of Police.

1. Department of Border Management
2. Department of Home – Notification of the appointment of President, Vice President, Prime Minister and Ministers etc.,
3. Department of Internal Security: Police and Law and order.
4. Department of Jammu and Kashmir Affairs.
5. Department of Official Language.
6. Department of States – Centre – State relations, Union Territories and Freedom fighters pension.

The identity of the rank of the IPS is through the insignia on the shoulder flap of the uniform worn by the officers. (from top to bottom arranged one below the other in metal)
1. Director General of Intelligence Bureau: National Emblem, one star, crossed sword and baton, and I.P.S.
2. Director General of Police/Commissioner of Police: National Emblem,crossed sword and baton and I.P.S.
3. Inspector General of Police/Joint Commissioner of Police: One Star, crossed sword and baton, with I.P.S.
4. Deputy Inspector General of Police/ Additional Commissioner of Police: National Emblem, three stars arranged in a triangle, and I.P.S.
5. Deputy Commissioner of Police/Senior Superintendent of Police:National Emblem, two stars one below the other, and I.P.S.
6. Deputy Commissioner of Police/ Superintendent of Police: National Emblem, One Star and I.P.S.
7. Additional Commissioner/Additional Superintendent of Police:National Emblem and I.P.S.
8. Assistant Commissioner of Police/Deputy Superintendent of Police:Three stars one below the other with I.P.S.
9. Assistant Superintendent of Police ( two years probationary period): Two stars one below the other with I.P.S.
10. Assistant Superintendent of Police (one year probationary period):One star with I.P.S.
This is the order in which the selected IPS candidates have to progress after the prescribed training. This comes as the direct recruitment of officers in the police service through UPSC Civil Services Examinations held every year for administrative services.

Below these cadres, the following category of staff are also there in the police service, recruited through state governments and promoted to the various grades on the basis of seniority and merit. There may also exist some intermediate grades decided at the state level:
11. INSPECTOR:
12: SUB INSPECTOR;
13. HEAD CONSTABLE;
14. CONSTABLE:

1. Police Force;
2. Central Reserve Police Force;
3. Central Industrial Security Force;
4. Rapid Action Force;
5. National Security Guards;
6. Special Protection Group;
7. Central Bureau of Investigation;
8. Territorial Army;
9. Home Guards;
10. National Cadet Corps.

By the British under "The Police Act" of 1861. The force was called then the "Imperial Police".

1. Army; 2. Air Force; 3. Navy; 4. Border Security Force and 5.Indo Tibetan Police Force.

Department of Internal Security of the Home Ministry. However, it is basically a state subject under the Constitutional provision.

Coast Guards.

Maintenance of law and order, crime control and investigations.Traffic management, providing security wherever and whenever required.

Department of Internal Security of the Home Ministry. However, it is basically a state subject under the Constitutional provision.

Coast Guards.

Maintenance of law and order, crime control and investigations.Traffic management, providing security wherever and whenever required.

1. Army; 2. Air Force; 3. Navy; 4. Border Security Force and 5.Indo Tibetan Police Force. 6.Coast Guards.

By the British under “The Police Act” of 1861. The force was called then the “Imperial Police”.

1. Police Force; 2. Central Reserve Police Force; 3. Central Industrial Security Force; 4. Rapid Action Force; 5. National Security Guards; 6. Special Protection Group; 7. Central Bureau of Investigation; 8. Territorial Army; 9. Home Guards; 10. National Cadet Corps.

In 1893.

1. Department of Border Management
2. Department of Home - Notification of the appointment of President, Vice President, Prime Minister and Ministers etc.,
/3. Department of Internal Security: Police and Law and order.
4. Department of Jammu and Kashmir Affairs.
5. Department of Official Language.
6. Department of States - Centre - State relations, Union Territories and Freedom fighters pension.

By the “Ishling Commission Report” in 1917, it came to be known as “Indian Police Service” and in 1932, it became “Indian Police” and remained so until 1949, when it was changed again as “Indian Police Service” by independent India.

The Home Ministry is housed at the North Block of the Parliament building in New Delhi.

Article 312.

Home Ministry - headed by P. Chidambaram as the Cabinet Minister, assisted by Gurudas Kamat and Mullapally Ramachandran as Ministers of State and other bureaucrats.

Director General of Police.

Article 355 envisages that the Union to protect the nation from external aggression or internal disturbances.

The identity of the rank of the IPS is through the insignia on the shoulder flap of the uniform worn by the officers. (from top to bottom arranged one below the other in metal)
1. Director General of Intelligence Bureau: National Emblem, one star, crossed sword and baton, and I.P.S.
2. Director General of Police/Commissioner of Police: National Emblem,crossed sword and baton and I.P.S.
3. Inspector General of Police/Joint Commissioner of Police: One Star, crossed sword and baton, with I.P.S.
4. Deputy Inspector General of Police/ Additional Commissioner of Police: National Emblem, three stars arranged in a triangle, and I.P.S.
5. Deputy Commissioner of Police/Senior Superintendent of Police:National Emblem, two stars one below the other, and I.P.S.
6. Deputy Commissioner of Police/ Superintendent of Police: National Emblem, One Star and I.P.S.
7. Additional Commissioner/Additional Superintendent of Police:National Emblem and I.P.S.
8. Assistant Commissioner of Police/Deputy Superintendent of Police:Three stars one below the other with I.P.S.
9. Assistant Superintendent of Police ( two years probationary period): Two stars one below the other with I.P.S.
10. Assistant Superintendent of Police (one year probationary period):One star with I.P.S.
This is the order in which the selected IPS candidates have to progress after the prescribed training.
This comes as the direct recruitment of officers in the police service through UPSC Civil Services Examinations held every year for administrative services. Below these cadres, the following category of staff are also there in the police service, recruited through state governments and promoted to the various grades on the basis of seniority and merit. There may also exist some intermediate grades decided at the state level:
11. INSPECTOR: 12: SUB INSPECTOR; 13. HEAD CONSTABLE; 14. CONSTABLE.

1. Internal 2. External 3. Landed Borders 4. Coastal.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy, Hyderabad started on 15.9.1948.

Initially set up as “Crown Representative’s Police” at Neemuch in Madhya Pradesh in 1939 by the British. After independence came to be known as Central Reserve Police Force by an Act in December 1949.

Director General – (Please see under Top Bureaucrats of India) –HQ: Delhi.

Conceived and Established in 1962 headquartered at Delhi, headed by a Director General. They are mainly used in the protecting the 2115 KM stretch of India - Tibet border from Karakoram Pass in Ladakh to Lipulekh pass at the junction of India-Tibet-Nepal and sometimes elsewhere. The Motto of ITBP is "Shaurya-Dridata-Karm Nishtha" meaning "Valour, Determination, Devotion to duty".

Combat Battalions for Resolute Action=COBRA in 2008.

A paramilitary force raised from December 1965, headquartered at Delhi and led by a Director General. Takes care of the borders with neighbouring countries in the Northwest and North East regions. Around 2,40,000 persons are employed in 186 battalions. "Duty unto death" is its motto. The staff from the force are the people deployed at the Wagah border (known for the morning and evening military rituals, a treat to watch) between Pakistan and India.

It has the distinction of raising the world’s first woman para military force called the “Mahila Battalion” in 1986 stationed at Delhi and Gandhinagar.

The oldest of the paramilitary forces in India, raised in 1835, headquartered at Shillong, headed by a Director General controlling about 46 battalions. Takes care of the N.E.states borders and also prevents infiltration and extremist activities (like the United Liberation Front of Assam - ULFA) etc. "Friends of the Hill People" is its motto.

Service and Loyalty.

A paramilitary force to protect the vast coast line of our country - 7500 Kms- from Rann of Kutch, Arabian Sea, Gujarat to the Bay of Bengal upto Bangladesh. Established in 1977 (1.2.1977), it is headquartered at Delhi and is headed by a Director General. It has regional offices at Mumbai, Chennai and Port Blair. "Vayam Rakshamah" (We Protect) is the motto.Its main activities include protection of Indian waters from poaching, fishing, prevention of pollution, and watch the activities over international water lines and assist Navy in times of war etc., It has a strength of 5500 personnel.

A paramilitary force as part of the Armed Forces of India. It was originally established in 1969 as a paramilitary force and then converted into an Armed Force from 15.6.1983, both by an Act of Parliament in the respective years. It functions under the control of Ministry of Home, with a Director General and headquartered at Delhi. It was specifically established to safeguard vital installations like Airports, Ports, Atomic Stations and other designated important structures. At present it has a strength of about 1.05 lakhs. “Protection and Security” is its motto.

Originally established by British in 1920 and later indianised by the Territorial Army Act 1948, inaugurated by Sir. C.Rajagopalachari, Governor General on 9.10.1949. This day is observed as the "PM's Territorial Army Day Parade".
A second line Defence personnel, trained defence duties. It is not a regular employment. It is a voluntary force for personnel between 18 to 42 years with required physical fitness. They assist the Army in case of emergencies and internal crisis. Mostly represented by central government staff.
As a voluntary outfit, it has leading personalities from different walks of life like, Nana Patekar the Hindi/Marathi film actor as Captain, Kapil Dev, the for Indian Cricket Captain as Hon.Lt.Col., Mohan Lal, the famous actor from the Malayalam field as Lt. Col and recently M.S.Dhoni, the present Indian Cricket Captain, as members of the Territorial Army. This force is under the control of Indian Army and training is imparted by the Army.

Conceived and Established in 1962 headquartered at Delhi, headed by a Director General. They are mainly used in the protecting the 2115 KM stretch of India – Tibet border from Karakoram Pass in Ladakh to Lipulekh pass at the junction of India-Tibet-Nepal and sometimes elsewhere. The Motto of ITBP is “Shaurya-Dridata-Karm Nishtha” meaning “Valour, Determination, Devotion to duty”.

A voluntary organization from the citizens of India, firmly established in 1962 (it is was in existence even earlier in a very small scale) to assist the law enforcing authorities during internal emergencies like floods and other natural calamities, festivals or other larger gatherings, health programmes implementation and so on. It has about four lakh volunteers from across the country. Home Guards are not present in Arunachal Pradesh and Kerala where different agencies take care of such activities.

A paramilitary force raised from December 1965, headquartered at Delhi and lead by a Director General. Takes care of the borders with neighbouring countries in the Northwest and North East regions. Around 2,40,000 persons are employed in 186 battalions. “Duty unto death” is its motto. The staff from the force are the people deployed at the Wagah border (known for the morning and evening military rituals, a treat to watch) between Pakistan and India.

Established by the NCC Act of 1948 and came into force from 15th July 1948 it is a voluntary force from among students. The aim of this force is to imbibe in them a sense of confidence, patriotism, adventurism, discipline and motivation to join the armed forces. They are also imparted with military based training. Their services are utilized in similar circumstances to that of Home Guards. Some of the NCC cadets are selected on an All India Basis and are trained to participate in the Republic Day Celebrations Parade and awarded with various prizes. The training imparted during this period helps them in their future endeavours in military based careers. It is spread across Indian colleges, schools and institutions. It is headed by a Director General. "Unity and Discipline" is its motto.

The oldest of the paramilitary forces in India, raised in 1835, headquartered at Shillong, headed by a Director General controlling about 46 battalions. Takes care of the N.E.states borders and also prevents infiltration and extremist activities (like the United Liberation Front of Assam – ULFA) etc. “Friends of the Hill People” is its motto.

A specialized wing of the CRPF, started from October 1992, to deal with civil unrest and such matters. It is a "Zero Response Time Organization" with about 10 battalions spread across the country.

A paramilitary force to protect the vast coast line of our country – 7500 Kms- from Rann of Kutch, Arabian Sea, Gujarat to the Bay of Bengal upto Bangladesh. Established in 1977 (1.2.1977), it is headquartered at Delhi and is headed by a Director General. It has regional offices at Mumbai, Chennai and Port Blair. “Vayam Rakshamah” (We Protect) is the motto.Its main activities include protection of Indian waters from poaching, fishing, prevention of pollution, and watch the activities over international water lines and assist Navy in times of war etc., It has a strength of 5500 personnel.

A central organization established in 1963 (earlier it was Special Police Establishment) headed by a Director (DGP rank) and headquartered at Delhi with regional offices at almost all the state capitals. Its primary object is to detect and investigate various economic offences and any other sensitive cases that is directed by the state and centre. Staff are drafted from the Police Cadres and are trained at the Academy at Ghaziabad in UP.
It is the nodal agency to interact with INTERPOL for international crimes and investigations. CBI is a central subject and thus answerable only to the Indian Government and not to states.

Not an Indian organization. It is an organization for international policing. Established in September 1923 and is headquartered at Lyon, France and has 190 member countries.(www.interpol.int) Second largest international organization after United Nations. It came to be known as Interpol from 1956. Its objective is to share and deal with international criminal activities. Headed by a President (Khoo Boon Hui) and Secretary General (Ronald Noble).

Originally established by British in 1920 and later indianised by the Territorial Army Act 1948, inaugurated by Sir. C.Rajagopalachari, Governor General on 9.10.1949. This day is observed as the “PM’s Territorial Army Day Parade”. A second line Defence personnel, trained defence duties. It is not a regular employment. It is a voluntary force for personnel between 18 to 42 years with required physical fitness. They assist the Army in case of emergencies and internal crisis. Mostly represented by central government staff. As a voluntary outfit, it has leading personalities from different walks of life like, Nana Patekar the Hindi/Marathi film actor as Captain, Kapil Dev, the for Indian Cricket Captain as Hon.Lt.Col., Mohan Lal, the famous actor from the Malayalam field as Lt. Col and recently M.S.Dhoni, the present Indian Cricket Captain, as members of the Territorial Army. This force is under the control of Indian Army and training is imparted by the Army.

Also called the "Black Cats" because of their outfits. Created in 1984/1986 through a Parliamentary Act, to provide security for all VVIPs like President, Prime Minister, Chief Ministers and other leaders in the wake of increasing terror activities and threat to life of leaders and others. They are also utilized for tackling and countering terrorist hide outs, bomb disposal, post blast investigations, hostage rescue etc., It is headed by a Director General (IPS cadre) and has about 14500 staff under its control. "Sarvatra Sarvottam Suraksha" (Everywhere the best Protection) is its motto.

A voluntary organization from the citizens of India, firmly established in 1962 (it is was in existence even earlier in a very small scale) to assist the law enforcing authorities during internal emergencies like floods and other natural calamities, festivals or other larger gatherings, health programmes implementation and so on. It has about four lakh volunteers from across the country. Home Guards are not present in Arunachal Pradesh and Kerala where different agencies take care of such activities.

Research and Analysis Wing. An outcome of the earlier Special Intelligence Bureau, which lacked in delivering the necessary intelligence inputs on a number of occasions. It was established in September 1968. Its primary duty is to collect information on external security. Headed by a Director and headquartered at Delhi.

Established by the NCC Act of 1948 and came into force from 15th July 1948 it is a voluntary force from among students. The aim of this force is to imbibe in them a sense of confidence, patriotism, adventurism, discipline and motivation to join the armed forces. They are also imparted with military based training. Their services are utilized in similar circumstances to that of Home Guards. Some of the NCC cadets are selected on an All India Basis and are trained to participate in the Republic Day Celebrations Parade and awarded with various prizes. The training imparted during this period helps them in their future endeavours in military based careers. It is spread across Indian colleges, schools and institutions. It is headed by a Director General. “Unity and Discipline” is its motto.

A special group of protective group formed in 1985 after the assassination of Smt.Indira Gandhi, and came into existence from 1988. They are specially trained commandos looking after the security of Prime Minister and his family within and outside India. The force came into more prominence after the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi.

A specialized wing of the CRPF, started from October 1992, to deal with civil unrest and such matters. It is a “Zero Response Time Organization” with about 10 battalions spread across the country.

An Armed Police Force, established after the Chinese aggression in 1961. It was established from 1963. It is one of the Central Armed Police Forces under the Ministry of Home Affairs. (www.ssb.nic.in). Pranay Sahay is the present Director General of this force.

A central organization established in 1963 (earlier it was Special Police Establishment) headed by a Director (DGP rank) and headquartered at Delhi with regional offices at almost all the state capitals. Its primary object is to detect and investigate various economic offences and any other sensitive cases that is directed by the state and centre. Staff are drafted from the Police Cadres and are trained at the Academy at Ghaziabad in UP. It is the nodal agency to interact with INTERPOL for international crimes and investigations. CBI is a central subject and thus answerable only to the Indian Government and not to states.

The Sepoy Mutiny 1857.

Not an Indian organization. It is an organization for international policing. Established in September 1923 and is headquartered at Lyon, France and has 188 member countries.(www.interpol.int) Second largest international organization after United Nations. It came to be known as Interpol from 1956. Its objective is to share and deal with international criminal activities. Headed by a President and Secretary General

1858-1894- The three provincial army viz: Bombay, Madras and Calcutta were merged to become the "Indian Army" 1894-1902 -"Indian Army" representing Army of Government of India consisting of both British and Indian Sepoys.
1902-1947: "Indian Army" represented by permanent and locally recruited Indian sepoys with British Officers viz:
i) British Army posted in Indian on an expatriate basis;
ii) Army of India consisting both Indian and British Army. Lord Kichener was responsible for the military reforms in India and he was the first Chief of Army staff between 1902-1909.

Also called the “Black Cats” because of their outfits. Created in 1984/1986 through a Parliamentary Act, to provide security for all VVIPs like President, Prime Minister, Chief Ministers and other leaders in the wake of increasing terror activities and threat to life of leaders and others. They are also utilized for tackling and countering terrorist hid outs, bomb disposal, post blast investigations, hostage rescue etc., It is headed by a Director General (IPS cadre) and has about 14500 staff under its control. “Sarvatra Sarvottam Suraksha” (Everywhere the best Protection) is its motto.

1912 - when the Royal Indian Military College at Dehradun was started and by 1932 around 60 Indians became officers in the Indian Army of British rule. During the First World War, the Indian Army had 1.3 millions Indians fought for the Allies and UK, of which nearly 74187 died during the war.

Research and Analysis Wing. An outcome of the earlier Special Intelligence Bureau, which lacked in delivering the necessary intelligence inputs on a number of occasions. It was established in September 1968. Its primary duty is to collect information on external security. Headed by a Director and headquartered at Delhi.

It remained to be known as The Indian Army and it was headed by General K.M.Cariappa (KM=Kodandera Madappa), later to be honoured with "Field Marshall" in 1983. He passed out in the first batch of the King's Commission Indian Officers training and commissioned in 1919.

A special group of protective group formed in 1985 after the assassination of Smt.Indira Gandhi, and came into existence from 1988. They are specially trained commandos looking after the security of Prime Minister and his family within and outside India. The force came into more prominence after the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi.

It is more a decorative rank above all the field ranks like General. It is a conferred one on any individual based on certain military achievements during service. A person conferred with this title, technically never retires during his life time.

An Armed Police Force, established after the Chinese aggression in 1961. It was established from 1963. It is one of the Central Armed Police Forces under the Ministry of Home Affairs. (www.ssb.nic.in). Headed by a Director General..

It has the distinction of raising the world's first woman para military force called the "Mahila Battalion" in 1986 stationed at Delhi and Gandhinagar.

Apart from K.M.Cariappa in 1983, SHFJ Manekshaw was honoured with this title in 1973 (to be the first Indian to receive), for his role and contribution in the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 to liberate Bangladesh.

Combat Battalions for Resolute Action=COBRA in 2008.

President of India.

General Dalbir Singh Suhag.

Field Marshall ( not in the regular avenue of promotion - only conferred); 1. General; 2.Lieutenant General; 3.Major General; 4.Brigadier; 5.Colonel; 6.Lieutenant Colonel;7.Major; 8.Captain; 9.Lieutenant; 10.Second Lieutenant. These are called "Commissioned Ranks".

Commissioned Officers are recruited directly through UPSC, undergo prescribed training, posted to fields as officers, elevated initially on a time bound basis and then on All India seniority basis.

1992

1. Sepoys 2. Lance Naik 3. Naik 4. Havildar 5. Company Quarter Master Havildar and 6. Company Havildar Major. Recruited from various locations of the regional centres in the country and then elevated.

The Army has been divided into various "Commands" as follows:
1. Southern -- Pune, Maharashtra;
2. Eastern --Kolkatta, West Bengal;
3. Central --Lucknow, U.P.;
4. Western --Chandigarh, Punjab;
5. Northern --Udhampur, Jammu & Kashmir;
6. South West -- Jaipur, Rajasthan;
7. Training -- Mhow, Madhya Pradesh.;
8. ARTRAC --Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.

Meaning, an army field formation, responsible for a sector - specific areas of tasks - within a Command.

1. Armoured
2. Artillery
3. Air Defence Artillery;
4. Aviation
5.Engineers
6. Signals;
7. Mechanised Infantry
8. Infantry
9. Army Service;
10. Military Nursing
11. Army Medical
12. Army Dental;
13. Army Ordnance
14. Electrical & Mechanical Engineers;
15. Remount and Veterinary
16. Military Farms
17. Army Education;
18. Intelligence
19. Military Police
20. Legal - Judge.
21. Army Physical Training
22. Army Postal Service;
23. Territorial Army
24. Defence Security
25. Recruitment and Selection
26. Records
27. Training Institutions
28. Supply and Procurement.

At St.Thomas Mount, Chennai - Established in 1962. The first course for Emergency Commission with 442 cadets in January 1963. The institutional song is called " Roshni".

Dehradun - Uttaranchal - Established on 10.12.1932 - Field Marshal SHFJ Manekshaw was in the first batch.

Wellington, Nilgiris District, Tamilnadu. Initially started as Army Staff College at Deolali (near Mumbai), Maharashtra in 1905. Then moved to Quetta, Pakistan in 1907. After independence, the Indian part was moved to Wellington in 1947 and converted to inter-services staff college from 1950.

Pune, Maharashtra. Established in 1948. Later the entire Indian Army Medical Corps were united and also a graduation wing was started in 1962. The first batch of MBBS candidates passed out in October 1966.

National Defence Academy, Kadakvasla, Pune - Established in 1954, it imparts training for all the three service candidates, before they go for their respective training. It was established on the basis of "Auchinlek Report" on the use of the gift received from the Sudanese Government as a gratitude for the sacrifice of Indian Troops during the liberation of Sudan during the West African Campaign of WW II. Part of the gift was given to Pakistan as the grant by Sudan was made prior to independence. Field Marshal Claude Auchinleck was the Commander in Chief of Indian Army then and the report was submitted by him.

1. Armoured Corps Centre and School, Ahmednagar.
2. School of Signals, Mhow.
3. School of Artillery, Deolali, Maharashtra.
4. Infantry Schools, Mhow. M.P.
5. Army Ordnance Corps Schools, Jabalpur.
6. Service Corps School, Bareilly.
7. Remounts, Veterinary and Farms Corps Centre and School, Meerut.
8. School of Physical Training, Pune.
9. School of Mechanical Transport, Bangalore.
10.Military Police Centre & School, Faizabad.
11.Army Education Corps and Training College, Pachmarhi.
12.Military School of Music, Pachmarhi.
13.Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Schools at Trimulgherry and Secunderabad.

Soldiers trained to fight on foot.

A military unit of ground troops consisting of atleast two battalions ( 300 to 1300 soldiers). There are about 68 regiments in the Indian Army trained on specific fields and can deliver during the need of the hour.

Madras Regiment.

1. Madras Regiment - 18th Century, Ooty.
2. Sikh Regiment - 1.8.1846 - Ramgarh, Ranchi.
3. Gurkha Regiment - 1875
4. Kumaon Regiment - 19th Century - Ranikhet - Uttarakhand.
5. Mahar Regiment - 19th century
6. Rajputana Rifles - 1775
7. Rajput Regiment - 1778
8. Dogra Regiment - 1922
9. Maratha Light Infantry - 1768 - Bengaluru.
10.Jat Regiment - 1795 - Bareilly, U.P
11.Naga Regiment - 1970 - Ranikhet, Uttaranchal
12.Assam Regiment - 1941 - Happy Valley, Shillong.
13.Bihar Regiment - 1942 - Danapur, Bihar.
14.Brigade of the Guards - 1949 - Kamptee, Maharashtra.
15.Garhwal Regiment - 1887
16.Grenadiers - 1784 - Jabalpur, M.P
17.Jammu and Kashmir Rifles - 1921.
18.Ladakh Scouts - 1963
19.Parachute Regiment - 1945.
20.Punjab Regiment - 1761, Ramgarh, Ranchi.
21.Rashtriya Rifles - 1990.

Rajputana Rifles - 1775.

Most of them are formed and named after a particular community of various regions of the country, by the British and local area Kings/Princes to appease and accommodate them and utilize their valour and knowledge of the terrains.

A force which actively participate in wars mounted on horse back.(nowadays they are not involved in actual wars). Because of advancement of science and technology and as a measure of prevention of cruelty to animals, they are nowadays mostly used in decorative marches and occasionally in crowd control programs/activities.

Only two. 1. President's Body Guard, established in 1773 and 2.61st Cavalry of Jaipur. They are only two horse mounted regiments in the world. Used only during ceremonial parades.

Motorized vehicles used in wars. There are very many of them made for specific needs of the army. Few important ones are:
1. MBT - Main Battle Tanks;
2. ARTILLERY - Wheeled vehicles with mounted guns and missile launchers;
3. BRIDGE LAYER TANKS - For laying bridges.

Mechanised iron clad with special type of wheels to negotiate all kinds of terrains, fitted with various electronic gadgets for navigation and firing.

1. VIJAYANTA - The first one to be produced and used in India. Introduced in 1965 and phased out in 1983, due to upgraded modernization. 2.ARJUN - The second one to be produced in India. It forms the major chunk now in use. Named after Arjuna of Mahabharata. 3. T 72 & T.90 - Modern versions under license from Russia. Under regular production and inducted into the army. 4. TANK EX - A combination of Vijayanta hulls (frame work) and T 72 versions.

Heavy Vehicles Factory, (HVF), Avadi, Tamilnadu. Established in 1965.

Tipu Sultan during third and fourth Anglo Mysore Wars.

A weapon or other object that can be thrown or shot, or designed to be used so through a launcher towards a target.

1.AGNI I - Medium Range Ballistic Missile - 700 -800 Kms range.
2.AGNI II (2000 Kms)& III (3500 Kms) - Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile - 2000 - 3500 range.
3.AGNI IV (3000 Kms)- Long Range Missile under development to be converted into a Inter Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM).
4.AGNI V -- 5000 Kms - ICBM - under development.
5.AGNI VI - 6000 Kms. - ICBM - under development.
Agni series of missiles was first tested in 1989 and continuously tested for perfection and upgradation purposes. Upto Agni III has already been introduced into the Army.
AKASH - Surface to Air missile system - 25 to 30 Kms range - first tested in 1990.
ASTRA - Air to Air Missile System - 100 Kms range - First tested in 2003.
NAG - Anti tank "Fire and Forget" Missile 4 to 7 Kms range - First tested in March 2005.
PRITHVI I, II and III: Surface to Surface short range ballistic missile - 150 to 600 Kms range - First tested in 1989 and put into service of the Indian Army in 2004.
SAGARIKA - Submarine launched cruise missile with 1000 Kms range - tested in 2001, and to be inducted into the Indian Navy in 2008/9.
BRAHMOS - A unilaunch supersonic cruise missile - Range 290 Kms - entered into service in November 2006. It is a Indo-Russian joint venture. Can be launched from under water, land and air.
All these missiles are developed on the basis of "Integrated Guided Missile Development Program" of our country.

BRAHmaputra and MOSkva rivers of the respective countries India and Russia.

Chandipur in Orissa on the eastern Coast.

Agni in November 1993 to 1999 and Brahmos in 2006.

DRDO - Defence Research and Development Organization. It coordinates with various other R&D units (about 52) in the respective areas and comes out with the full programme of development of various ancillaries for a particular missile or weapon. It was established in 1958 and is headquartered at Delhi. It is headed by a Director. "Strength's origin in science" is its motto.

1. Aerial Delivery R&D Establishment - Agra.
2. Vehicle R & D Establishment, Ahmednagar.
3. Combat Vehicle R & D Establishment, Chennai.
4. Aeronautical Development Establishment, Bengaluru.
5. Electronics Radar Development Establishment, Bengaluru.
6. Gas Turbine Research Establishment, Bengaluru.
7. Naval Chemical and Metallurgical Laboratory, Mumbai.
8. Defence Research & Development Unit, Kolkatta.
9. Terminal Ballistic Research Laboratory, Chandigarh.
10.Naval Physical & Oceanographic Laboratory, Kochi.
11.Explosives R&D Laboratory, Pune.
12.Institute of Armament Technology, Pune.
13.Naval Science and Technological Laboratory, Visakhapatnam.

1. Ammunition Factory, Khadki, Pune.
2. Cordite Factory, Aruvankadu, Nilgiris.(Cordite= smokeless explosive made of nitroglycerin, gun cotton, petroleum jelly and acetone)
3. Engine Factory, Avadi, Chennai.
4. Field Gun Factory, Kanpur, U.P.
5. Gun Carriage Factory, Jabalpur, UP
6. Gun and Shell Factory, Cossipore, Kolkatta.
7. High Explosive Factory, Khadki, Pune.
8. Heavy Vehicles Factory, Avadi, Chennai.
9. Ordnance Clothing Factory, Avadi, Chennai & Shahjehanpur, UP.
10. Ordnance Equipment Factory, Kanpur, UP
11. Ordnance Factories at - Ambernath, Ambajhari, Bhandara, Bhusawal, Bolangir, Kanpur, Chandrapur, Dum Dum, Dehu Road, Dehradun, Itarsi, Khamaria, Katni, Muradnagar, Medak, Nalanda, Tiruchirapalli,Varangaon.
12. Ordnance Cable Factory, Chandigarh.
13. Opto Electronics Factory, Dehradun
14. Ordnance Parachute Factory, Kanpur.
15. Rifle Factory, Ichchapur, West Bengal.
16. Vehicle Factory, Jabalpur, M.P.

1. Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd., (from different locations)
2. Bharat Earth Movers Ltd., Bengaluru.
3. Bharat Dynamics LtdHyderabad.
4. BEL Optronics Devices Ltd., Pune
5. Bharat Electronics Ltd., Bengaluru.
6. Garden Reach Ship Builders & Engineers, Kolkatta.
7. Goa Shipyard Ltd., Vasco da Gama, Goa.
8. Mazagaon Dock Ltd., Mumbai.
9. Mishra Dantu Nigam Ltd., Hyderabad.

Priya Jhingan - joined in 1992 and commissioned in 1993.

Punitha Arora - Commissioned in 1968 - She was a medical doctor from AFMC Pune. (Thus Priya Jhingan becomes the first woman to join the army officers cadre on the field cadres).

Parachutists of the Indian Army.

1.Genl. Sir Robert McGregor McDonald Lockhart -15.8.1947 -31.12.1947
2.Genl. Sir Francis Robert Roy Bucher - 31.12.1947 - 15.1.1949
3.Genl. K.M.Cariappa - 15.1.1949 to 14.1.1953.
Thus Genl. K.M.Cariappa is the first Indian Chief of Army Staff.

S H F J Manekshaw.

The passing out parade and award of stars for Army Officers passing out of Officers Training Academies.

Teeth to tail ratio. (32:1)

Two.

Sl.	Names of Generals.	From	To
1.	Sir Robert McGregor McDolad Lockhart	15.08.1947	31.12.1947
2.	Sir Francis Robert Roy Bucher	31.12.1947	15.01.1949
3.	Field Marshall K.M.Cariappa	15.01.1949	14.01.1953
4.	Maharaj Shri Rajendrasinhji Jadeja	14.01.1953	14.05.1955
5.	Satyawant Mallanah Shrinagesh	14.05.1955	07.05.1957
6.	Kodandera Subbayya Thimmayya	07.05.1957	07.05.1961
7.	Prem Nath Thapar	07.05.1961	19.11.1962
8.	Joyanti Nath Chaudhuri	19.11.1962	07.06.1966
9.	Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam	07.06.1966	07.06.1969
10.	Field Marshal Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw	07.06.1969	15.01.1973
11.	Gopal Gurunath Bewoor	15.01.1973	31.05.1975
12.	Tapishwar Narain Rana	31.05.1975	31.05.1978
13.	Om Prakash Malhotra	31.05.1978	31.05.1981
14.	Kotikalapudi Venkatakrishna Rao	31.05.1981	31.07.1983
15.	Arun Sridhar Vaidhya	31.07.1983	31.01.1986
16.	Krishnaswami Sundarji	31.01.1986	30.04.1988
17.	Vishwanath Sharma	30.04.1988	30.06.1990
18.	Sunith Francis Rodriguez	30.06.1990	30.06.1993
19.	Bipin Chandra Joshi	30.06.1993	18.11.1994
20.	Shankar Roy Chaudhuri	22.11.1994	30.09.1997
21.	Ved Prakash Malik	30.09.1997	30.09.2000
22.	Sundararajan Padmanabhan	30.09.2000	31.12.2002
23.	Nirmal Chander Vij	31.12.2002	31.01.2005
24.	Joginder Jaswant Singh	31.01.2005	30.09.2007
25.	Deepak Kapoor	30.09.2007	31.03.2010
26.	Vijay Kumar Singh	31.03.2010	31.5.2012.
27.	Bikram Singh	31.5.2012	31.7.2014
28	Dalbir Singh Suhag	31.7.2014	31.12.2016
29.	Bipin Rawat	01.01.2017	......

** (As of 31.10.2012). Effectively Genl. Dalbir Singh Suhag  is the 26th Indian Chief of Army Staff.

1. PVSM - Param Vishist Seva Medal
2.AVSM - Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
3.VSM - Vishist Seva Medal
4.YSM - Yudh Seva Medal
5. UYSM - Uttam Yudh Seva Medal
6. MVC - Maha Vir Chakra.

Operation - Vijay, Meghdoot, Cactus, Pawan and Parakram.

Operation Vijay: 18th and 19th December 1961 - A military operation to annexe Goa from the Portuguese. The operation lasted just two days and was a successful operation, ending nearly four and half centuries of Portuguese rule over Goa.

Operation Meghdoot: A military operation to capture the "Siachen Glacier" (an undemarcated area) in the disputed Kashmir Region on 13.4.1984. The conflict was with Pakistan, which was attempting to capture the region. Siachen is incidentally the highest battlefield in the world.

Operation Cactus: A military of Indian Army on 3rd November 1988 to successfully thwart the attempt of 80 mercenaries of the People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam to capture the Maldives Capital Male and the government.

Operation Pawan: During the conflict between the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam and the Sri Lankan Army (in the late 1970s to early 2000s), Jaffna was completely captured and was under the control of the LTTE. All attempts by the Sri Lankan Army was a failure. At this point Indian Peace Keeping Force intervened and captured back Jaffna for the Sri Lankan Army. It took place between 11th to 25th October 1987.

Operation Parakram - Actually there was no exchange of war. It was an aftermath of the massing of troops by both Indian and Pakistan along the borders, perhaps in preparation of a war, which was again an outcome of the bomb attack on Indian Parliament on December 13/2001 by Pakistan trained militants. US and Russia intervened to prevent escalation.

By the Indian Air Force Act of 1932 and was known as Royal Air Force from 8th October 1932.

After independence it was known as Royal Indian Air Force and after 26th January 1950 it came to be known as Indian Air Force.

Subroto Mukherjee 1.4.1954 - November 1960. (Actually he was fourth Chief of Air Staff after independence, the previous three were British).

"Nabah Sparsham Diptam" - meaning "Touch the sky with Glory"- taken from the II Chapter of Bhagvat Gita.

1.4.1933 - with five Indian pilots and one RAF British officer and four Westland Wapiti Biplanes.

"Marshal of the Indian Air Force" - equivalent to Field Marshal of the Army, a honorary and lifetime rank awarded by the President. Former Chief of Air Staff Arjan Singh is the only person to be honoured with it in January 2002.

Marshal of the Indian Air Force (honorary and conferred)
1.Air Chief Marshal
2.Air Marshal
3.Air Vice Marshal
4.Air Commodore
5.Group Captain
6.Wing Commander
7.Squadron Leader
8.Flight Lieutenant
9.Flying Officer
10.Pilot Officer.
Recruitment to the lowest "Pilot Officer" is made through UPSC and after the prescribed training and promotional schedules they progress to the top.

These are ranks of the lower order. Recruitment is made at the lower level as Airmen and promoted to the other levels on the laid down procedures.
1. Airmen I & II;
2. Leading Airmen;
3. Corporal;
4.Sergeant;
5.Junior Warrant Officer;
6.Warrant Officer and
7.Master Warrant Officer.

Commissioned Ranks: Through UPSC and the selected candidates undergo the prescribed training to be appointed as Pilot Officer and then progress as per the laid down procedures. Non-Commissioned Ranks: The recruitment to the lowest of Airmen are made on regional level recruitment schedules and centres and progress as per laid down procedures.

1. Western Air Command -- New Delhi;
2. Eastern Air Command--Shillong, UP;
3. Central Air Command--Allahabad, UP;
4. Southern Air Command--Tiruvananthapuram, Kerala;
5. South West Air Command--Gandhinagar, Gujarat;
6. Training Command--Bengaluru, Karanataka;
7. Maintenance Command--Nagpur, Maharashtra.

They are units consisting of Squadrons and Helicopter units. There are about 47 wings and 19 forward base support units. A static unit between command and squadrons.

They are field formations and units, headed by a Wing Commander or Group Captain. There are approximately 59 squadrons categorized as fighters, ground attack, bombers, helicopters, transports and so on.

Fleet - is a group of vehicles. For operating convenience, they are categorized as:
TRANSPORT: For transporting men and material to the spots. These are operated with IL 76, AN 32, HS 748, Embraer, Dornier, Boeing 737 and 747 aircrafts.
FIGHTER: Used in actual war field actions. MEG 29,21,27,23, Mirage, Jaguars, Sukhoi aircrafts are in use. Among these, MIG 29s, Mirage 2000 and Sukhoi are present generation air defence aircrafts.
HELICOPTER: These fleets are operated with Chetak, Cheetah, Dhruv, Mi8s, 17s, 25s, 26s, and 35s.

1. SURYA KIRAN:- Sun Rays - Earlier known as "Thunder Bolts", is based at Bidar in Karnataka using MK II aircrafts.
2.SARANG : - Peacock - Helicopter display team. One of the three in the world after "Blue Eagles" and "Black Cats" of Royal Navy of the British.
3. SAGAR PAWAN :- Sea Breeze - Aerobatic display team stationed at Dabolin, Goa. It is the second such team from the Navy's aviation arm after US Navy's Blue Angels.

December 1994.

It is an unmanned air vehicle, to perform aerial reconnaissance of the battle field to locate targets at long distances behind enemy lines. Developed in August 1996, at Bengaluru.

MIG series of aircrafts are manufactured at Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Bengaluru.

1. Air Force Academy , Dundigal, Hyderabad;
2. Pilot Training Establishment, Allahabad;
3. Air Force Administrative Staff College, Coimbatore;
4. School of Aviation Medicine, Bengaluru;
5. Air Force Technical Training College, Jalahalli, Bengaluru;
6. Paratroopers Training School, Agra.

1. Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Bengaluru. 2. Bharat Electronics Ltd., Bengaluru.

Vayu Shakti.

"Garuda" established in September 2004.

" Operation Meghdoot" and "Operation Cactus" and "Operation Vijay"- (see under Indian Army coded operations for details). "Operation Poomalai":- Also known as Eagle Mission - Indian Air Force's mission to drop supplies for the Indian Peace Keeping Force over the troubled areas where IPKF was in operation during 1987-1988 in Sri Lanka.

Nirmaljit Singh Sekhon - Flying Officer. He was awarded this gallantry award posthumously for his courage shown during the India Pakistan War of 1971,when Pakistani fighter planes targeted Srinagar Air Base. While he succeeded in shooting down two of their aircrafts, his aircraft was hit and killed.

Padmavathy Bandopadhyay - in 2002.

1. Sir Thomas Elmhirst	1947-1950
2. Sir Ronald Ivelaw Chapman	1950-1951
3. Sir Gerald Gibbs	1951-1954
4. Subroto Mukherjee	1954-1960
5. Aspy Engineer	1960-1964
6. Arjan Singh	1964-1969
7. Pratap Chandra Lal	1969-1973
8. Om Prakash Mehra	1973-1976
9. Hrishikesh Moolgavkar	1976-1978
10. Idris Latif	1978-1981
11. Dilbagh Singh	1981-1984
12. Lakshman Katre	1984-1985
13. Denis La Fontaine	1985-1988
14. Surinder Mehra	1988-1991
15 Nirmal Chandra Suri	1991-1993
16. Swaroop Kaul	1993-1995
17. Satish Sareen	1995-1998
18. Anil Tipnis	1998-2001
19. S.Krishnaswamy	2001-2004
20. Sashindra Pal Tyagi	2004-2007
21. Fali Homi Major	2007-2009
22. Pradeep Vasant Naik	2009- July 2011
23. N.A.K.Browne	31st July  2011--31st July 2013
24.Arup Raha	31st July 2013 --31st December 2016
25. Birender Singh Dhanoa	1st January 2017 -- ..........

In 1830, the British started the Indian Navy and after imposition of crown rule over India, it became Royal Indian Navy and remained so till our independence/first republic on 26.1.1950 and thereafter it became Indian Navy.

"Sham No Varuna" meaning "May the Lord of the Oceans be auspicious unto us".

Vice Admiral Ram Das Katari - April 1958 to June 1962. He was the fifth in the order after independence. The others were British.

1.Admiral;
2.Vice Admiral;
3.Rear Admiral;
4.Commodore;
5.Captain;
6.Commander;
7.Lieutenant Commander;
8. Lietenant;
9.Sub Lieutenant.

1. Master Chief Petty Officer I & II,
2. Chief Petty Officer;
3. Petty Officer;
4. Leading Seaman;
5. Seaman I & II.(Sailor)

Commissioned Ranks: Through UPSC competitive examinations for the lowest post of Sub Lieutenant and then progress as per procedures.
Non-Commissioned Ranks: Through regional recruitment centres by examination to the lowest post and then progress as per procedures.

1. Eastern Command: Visakhapatnam. AP
2. Western Command: Mumbai.
3. Southern Command: Kochi, Kerala - it is for training purpose only. Each Command is headed by a Flag Officer Commanding in Chief.

Two - Western and Eastern.

Indian Naval Ships.

Goa and Arakkonam (Tamilnadu). Minor bases are also there at Port Blair and Car Nicobar.

Kochi - Kerala.

1.AIR CRAFT CARRIERS - Vikrant Class of ships.
2. DESTROYERS - Delhi, Rajput class of ships. Kolkatta class is being inducted.
3. FRIGATES - Shivalik, Talwar, Brahmaputra and Godavari class of ships.
4. CORVETTES - Kora, Khukri, Veer, Abhay class of ships.
5. AMPHIBIOUS WARSHIPS -Polnocny,Magar,Shardul,Jalashwa.
6. PATROL SHIPS - Seaward,Sukanya,Trinkat, Bangaram,Car Nicobar, Saryu
7.MINE SWEEPERS - Pondicherry.
8. Replenishment ships.
9. Survey ships. Research ships.
10. SUBMARINES - Bindhu Ghosh, Shishumar and Fox Trot class of ships. Scorpene class of ships are under induction.
11.NUCLEAR POWERED SUBMARINES - Charlie Class of ships-Akula, Arihant.
Each of them have a fleet of ships and serve different purposes.

INS VIRAAT - It was formerly of Royal Navy, UK and was known as HMS HERMES. It is an aircraft carrier and introduced into service on 12.5.1987.

A wing of the Indian Navy, created after the 26/11/2008 Mumbai Terrorist attacks, has about 1000 staff and 80 patrol boats entrusted with the responsibility of patrolling the shallow waters of the country from infiltration of foreign mercenaries and terrorists.

1. INDIAN NAVAL ACADEMY - Kannur, Kerala.
2. INS VENDURUTHY - Kochi - Established in 1942 and functions as Seamen training centre.
3. NAVAL AIR STATION "GARUDA" - Kochi - established in 1953.
4. INS SHIVAJI - Lonavala, Pune, Maharashtra - it is a Engineering training establishment.
5. INS VALSURA - Jamnagar - Electrical Training Establishment.
6. INS HAMLA - Mumbai - Logistics Training Establishment.
7. INS AGRANI - Coimbatore - Leadership Training Establishment.
8. INS GOMENTAK - Mormugoa, Goa - Navigation Direction Training.
9. INS JARAWA - Port Blair, Andamans
10. INS DRONACHARYA - Naval Gunnery School, Kochi.
11. INS CHILKA - Bhubaneshwar - Sailor Training Institute.
12. INS KUNJALI - Mumbai - Music Training School
13. INS MANDOVI - Goa - Provost and Physical Training School.
14. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HYDROGRAPHY - Vasco da Gama, Goa.
15. NAVAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING INSTITUTE - Kochi, Kerala.
16. NAVY SHIPWRIGHT SCHOOL - Visakhapatnam.

MAZAGAON DOCK LIMITED : Mumbai - with units at Nav Sheva, Mumbai and Visakhapatnam. Builds ships, submarines, missile boats, destroyers, and requirements of ONGC like Off-shore drills, platforms etc.
GARDEN REACH SHIP BUILDERS & ENGINEERING LIMITED: Kolkatta - started in 1884 and acquired by India in 1960. Builds warships, vessels for Navy and Coast Guard and undertakes repair works.
GOA SHIPYARD LIMITED : Established in 1957 by the Portuguese and acquired by India in 1961. Manufactures advanced off-shore vessels.

They are marine commando forces of the Indian Navy. Established in 1987 for reconnaissance, raids and counter terrorism in the maritime borders. It has played a major role in the "Operation Cactus" in thwarting the PLOTE (Sri Lankan) mercenaries capturing Male, Maldives, in 1988.

1. Operation Vijay, Operation Cactus - refer under Indian Army coded operations.
2.Operation Restore Hope: 1992-2003 As part of UN Peace Keeping Forces operations in Somalia.
3. Operation Sukhoon: 2006 - Israel - Lebanon conflict.

4th December - the day on which Indian Navy successfully bombed Karachi Port in the 1971 Indo-Pak war to liberate Bangladesh.

Review of the Fleets at regular intervals by the President, as the Supreme Commander is called so.
Indian Navy also conducted an International Fleet Review in 2001 named "Bridges of Friendship", in which many friendly countries took part.

A biennial fleet review meet of the world navy in Andaman & Nicobar.

INS VIKRAMAADITYA - It is an aircraft carrier to be inducted in 2012. It is expected to replace India's only aircraft carrier INS VIRAAT.

Sagar Pawan Aerobatic Team.

Razing Rhino - it is a guided missile frigate.

INS Savithri - a patrol vessel.

INS Shalki - Sishumar class diesel electric submarine inducted in 1987 by Shri Rajiv Gandhi.

It is the name for the joint exercises.

INS KOLKATTA - with 16 Brahmos guided missiles - eight on both sides of the ship. Expected to be inducted in 2012.

INS ARIHANT - to be inducted in 2011. Arihant means destroyer of enemies.

Satpura - currently under construction.

D.N.Mukherji - in 1928.

Sl Name	From	To
1. John Albott Savignac Hall	15.08.1947	14.08.1948
2. Sir Edward William Parry	14.08.1948	13.10.1951
3. Sir Charles Thomas Mark Pizey	13.10.1951	21.07.1955
4. Sir Stephen Hope Carhill	21.07.1955	21.04.1958
6. Bhaskar S.Soman	04.06.1962	03.03.1966
7. A.K.Chatterji	03.03.1966	28.02.1970
8. S.M.Nanda	28.02.1970	28.02.1973
9. S.N.Kohli	28.02.1973	29.02.1976
10. J.L.Cursetji	01.03.1976	28.02.1979
11. R.L.Pereira	01.03.1979	28.02.1979
12. O.S.Dawson	01.03.1982	30.11.1984
13. R.H.Tahiliani	01.12.1984	30.11.1987
14. J.G.Nadkarni	01.12.1987	30.11.1990
15. Lakshminarayan Das	01.12.1990	30.09.1993
16. Vijay Singh Shekhawat	01.10.1993	30.09.1996
17. Vishnu Bhagat	01.10.1996	30.12.1998
18. Sushil Kumar	30.12.1998	29.12.2001
19. Madhvendra Singh	29.12.2001	31.07.2004
20. Arun Prakash Singh	31.10.2004	31.10.2006
21. Sureesh Mehta	31.10.2006	31.08.2009
22. Nirmal Kumar Verma	31.8.2009	31.8.2012.
23. Devendra Kumar Joshi	31.8.2012	26.2.2014
24. Robin K. Dhowan	26.2.2014	31.5.2016
25. Sunil Lanba	01.6.2016

Effectively Sunil Lanba is the 21st Indian Chief of Naval Staff.

INS Chakra. It was formerly with Russia.

At Uchippuli, near Ramnad Dt., known as INS Parundu (Eagle). There are two more such UAV squadrons operating at Kochi (2006) and Porbandar (2011).

1. National Defence Academy, Kadakvasla, Pune.
2. National Defence College, New Delhi
3. Defence Services Staff College, Wellington, Nilgiris.
4. School of Land and Air Warfare, Secunderabad.
5. School of Foreign Languages, New Delhi.
6. Rashtriya Indian Military College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
7. Armed Forces Medical College, Pune.
9. Himalayan Mountaineering Institute, Darjeeling.

Army's action to flush out Sikh militants from hiding in the Golden Temple, Amritsar and other Gurudwaras, between 1st to 6th June 1984. Smt. Indira Gandhi ordered the operation, led by Maj.Genl.Brar and Genl.A.S.Vaidya as Chief of Army Staff.

The Nodal Agency for all command, control and operational decisions regarding India's nuclear weapon stockpile, development and if necessary usage at the time of wars. It consists of a political council headed by the PM and an executive council headed by National Security Advisor. Formed on January 4, 2003, and this authority take the policy decisions on all Nuclear related matters. Thus PM becomes the final authority on the use of Nuclear strikes.

Also called the "Strategic Nuclear Command", founded along with the Nuclear Command Authority on 4.1.2003. It consists of a Commander-in- Chief in the rank of Air Marshal and its equivalent with some active force. It is responsible for the management and administration of the country's tactical and strategic Nuclear Weapon Stock pile.

IPKF - Indian Peace Keeping Force - it was created in 1987 and was active till 1990, for restoring peace in the Sri Lanka-LTTE war. Shri Rajiv Gandhi was the PM to depute this force to Sri Lanka. Unfortunately, this action of his, turned out to be his killing by a suicide bomber on 21.5.1991 at Sri Perumpudur, Chennai.

1. Operation Pawan: IPKF action to take control of Jaffna from the LTTE in October 1987.
2.Operation Viraat &Trishul: IPKF action against the LTTE in the provinces of Mannar to Mullaitivu and Elephant Pass to Vavuniya in April 1988.
3. Operation Checkmate: IPKF action against the LTTE in the Vadamarachi area of Northern Sri Lanka in June 1988.

V.K.Krishna Menon - Defence Minister - 1961. There are about 25 schools.

To rectify the regional and class imbalance in the officers' cadre of the armed forces, by training children from the younger age and make them qualified to appear for the various higher level army institutions. The admission is through competitive examinations for admission to 6th or 9th standard conducted by the respective schools.

1. Amaravathy Nagar, near Coimbatore, Tamilnadu.
2. Ambikapur, Chhatisgarh.
3. Balachadi, Gujarat
4. Bhubaneshwar, Orissa.
5. Bijapur, Karanataka
6. Chittorgarh, Rajasthan
7. Ghorakhal, U.P
8. Goalpara, Assam.
9. Gopalganj, Bihar.
10. Imphal, Manipur
11. Kapurthala, Punjab
12.Kazhakootam, Kerala
13.Kodagu, Karnataka
14.Korukonda, AP
15.Kunjpura, Haryana
16.Lucknow, UP
17.Nagrota, J & K.
18.Nalanda, Bihar
19.Pungalwa, Nagaland
20.Purulia, West Bengal
21.Rewa, M.P.
22.Rewari, Haryana
23.Sujanpur Tihra, H.P.
24.Satara, Maharashtra
25.Tilaiya, Jharkhand.
26. Sambalpur, Odisha - Proposed.

Dehradun, Uttaranchal. It was started in 1922 and the admission is through entrance examination for admission to Class VIII and to finish +2 of science stream. The students are also taught other related subjects for their entry to National Defence Academy. It is located on a sprawling area of about 136 acres in the Doon Valley.

1. Chail, Shimla; 2. Ajmer, Rajasthan; 3. Belgaum, Karnataka; 4. Dholpur, Rajasthan; 5. Bhonsala, Nasik, Maharashtra.

ARMY	AIR FORCE	NAVY
Field Marshal*	Marshall of Air Force*	Admiral of the Fleet*
General	Air Chief Marshal	Admiral
Lieutenant General	Air Marshal	Vice Admiral
Major General	Air Vice Marshal	Rear Admiral
Brigadier	Air Commodore	Commodore
Colonel	Group Captain	Captain
Lieutenant Colonel	Wing Commander	Commander
Major	Squadron Leader	Lt.Commander
Captain	Flight Lieutenant	Lieutenant
Lieutenant	Flying Officer	Sub-Lieutenant
Second Lieutenant	Pilot Officer	Actg.Sub.Lieutenant

* These are lifetime honorary ranks only and not by promotion.