Act of 1773, UK.

Warren Hastings from 1773-1785.

Besides being the first, he was the longest serving Governor General of India for 12 years. He had Calcutta as the Headquarters and took over from Robert Clive, Governor.

1. WARREN HASTINGS - 1773-1775:
1. Regulating Act of 1773.
2.Act of 1781 - making a clear demarcation between the jurisdiction of the Governor General in Council and that of the Supreme Court at Calcutta.
3. Pitts India Act - 1784 - Enactment of the British Parliament to bring the administration of the British East India Co., under the control of the British Government.
4. Rohilla War 1774 - The British helped the Nawab of Oudh to annexe Rohilkhand.
5. I Maratha War 1775-1782 and the Treaty of Salbai in 1782.
6. II Mysore War 1780-1784 Vs. Haider Ali.
7. Chait Singh Affair - 1778 - Chait Singh was a Raja of Benares from 1770. He was a source of trouble for the British. Although he was finally defeated and fled, it caused a huge embarrassment for Hastings.
8. The Begums of Oudh affair - 1782 - ill treatment of the begums.
9. Foundation of the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Hastings and Sir William Jones in 1784.
2. LORD CORNWALLIS - 1786-1793:
1. III Mysore War 1790-1792 - Treaty of Seringapattinam with Tipu Sultan in 1792.
2. Introduction of Permanent settlement of revenue earnings or Zamindar system in Bengal and Bihar - 1793 - it was an agreement between East India Co and the Bengali landlords to fix revenues to be raised from land.
3. Judiciary Reforms (1793) - setting up of Courts at different levels; Separation of Revenue administration from Judicial administration.
4. Introduction of Civil Services and Administrative reforms.
3. SIR JOHN SHORE - 1793-1798: An uneventful tenure excepting his role in the permanent settlement.
4. LORD WELLESLEY - 1798-1805:
1. Treaty with Nizam of Hyderabad - 1798.
2. IV Anglo Mysore War - 1799 - Death of Tipu Sultan - annexation of parts of Mysore.
3. Subsidiary Treaty of Bassein - 1802.
4. Second Anglo Maratha War - 1803-1805.
5. Madras Presidency formed after annexing Tanjore and Carnatic Kingdoms.
5. SIR GEORGE BARLOW - 1805-1807
6. LORD MINTO I - 1807-1813:
1. Vellore Mutiny 1806 was the major event during his tenure as Governor General. A forerunner for the 1857 mutiny. In this incident, in the Vellore Fort, the Indian soldiers revolted against some of the actions of the British which affected the religious sentiments of all the communities. In this incident nearly 200 British soldiers were either killed or wounded badly.
2. Treaty of Amritsar - 1809 with Ranjit Singh - a kind of defence treaty.
3. Charter Act of 1813 - with the following salient features: i) Asserted the sovereignty of the British Crown over the Indian territories held by the Company . ii) Renewed the Charter of the company for a further 20 years. iii) Deprived the Company of its Indian trade monopoly except for trade in tea and trade with China. iv) required the company to maintain separate and distinct its commercial and territorial accounts. v) Opened India to missionaries.
7. LORD HASTINGS - 1813-1823:
1. Gorkha War 1814-1816 (Nepal). His success in this war made him Morquis of Hastings.
2. III Maratha War - 1817-1818 - Peshwaship abolished - all Marathan territories annexed by British - Bombay Presidency created in 1818.
3. Pindari War 1817-1818.
4. Introduction of Ryotwari settlement in Madras by Governor Thomas Munroe in 1820. The system, used to collect revenues from the cultivators of agricultural land. These revenues included undifferentiated land taxes and rents collected simultaneously.
8. LORD AMHERST - 1823-1828:
1. First Burmese War 1824-1826
9. LORD WILLIAM BENTICK 1828-1835:
1. Prohibition of Sati in 1829.
2. Suppression of Thuggee (1829-1835)- Thuggee is a term for a particular kind of murder and robbery, prevalent in South East Asia.
3. Charter Act of 1833 was enacted with the following terms: i) Removed the company's remaining trade monopolies and divested it of all its commercial functions. ii) Renewed for another 20 years the company's political and administrative authority. iii) Invested the Board of Control with full power and authority over the company iv) Carried further the on going process of administrative centralization through investing the Governor General in Council with, full power and authority to superintend and control the Presidency of governments in all civil and military matters. v) Initiated a process for the codification of laws. vi) Provided that no Indian subject of the company would be debarred from holding any office under the Company by reason of his religion, place of birth, descent or colour.
4. Introduction of English as the medium of instruction in 1835.
5. Raja Rammohan Roy, the founder of Arya Samaj, left for England in 1830 and died there in 1833.
6. Raja of Mysore deposed and his territories annexed in 1831. However, allowed to function independently with the Wodeyars at the helm.
7. Cachar and Jaintia annexed in 1832.
8. Coorg annexed in 1834.
9. Agra Province formed in 1834.
10. Provincial Courts of Appeal and circuit abolished and Commissioner appointed instead.
10. LORD AUCKLAND - 1835-1842:
1. He was preceeded by Sir Metacalfe for a short period. Freed the restrictions on Indian Press.
2. I Afghan War (1836-1842). British suffered heavy defeat. Lord Auckland recalled to England.
3. Ranjit Singh died in 1839.
4. The British's defeat in I Afghan war was often referred to as "Auckland's folly".
11. LORD ELLENBOROUGH - 1842-1844:
1. First Afghan War ended - 1842.
2. Sind Region annexed - 1843.
3. War with Gwalior ruler - 1843.
12. LORD HARDINGE - 1844-1848:
1. First Sikh War - 1845-1846 and Treaty of Lahore 1846. Kashmir was ceded to the British and later sold to Gulab Singh.
2. Female infanticide prohibited.
3. Human sacrifice practice among the Gonds (tribals) of Central India was suppressed.
4. A permanent British resident was posted at Lahore.
5. "Kohinoor Diamond" was given to the British by the Sikh ruler Duleep Singh.
13. LORD DALHOUSIE 1848-1856:
1. II Sikh war 1848-1849 - Punjab annexed.
2. II Burmese war - 1852 - Lower Burma annexed.
3. Charter Act of 1853 - this act provided that British India would remain under the administration of the company in trust for the Crown until Parliament decide otherwise.
4. "Doctrine of Lapse" was imposed and by that order Satara (1848), Sambalpur (1849), Jhansi (1849) and Nagpur (1854) were annexed. It is a policy by which British annexed the regions where the ruler has no heir to follow.
5. State of Oudh annexed in 1856.
6. British assumed the role of educating the masses through World Education Despatch of 1854. (Wood was the President of the Board of Control for Education).
7. 1853 was the year of infrastructural development in India. Railways was introduced on 16th April 1853 between Bombay and Thane. Telegraph was introduced between Calcutta and Agra for the first time. Thirdly, Postal system introduced.
8. Widow Remarriage Act enacted in 1856.
9. Public Works Department established in all provinces.
10. Santhal - a tribal of Orissa, Bihar - uprising in 1855-1856.
14. LORD CANNING - 1856-1857:
1. Universities of Calcutta, Madras and Bombay established in 1857.
2. Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.