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ATHLETICS

Q1. What are Athletics?
All track and field events like running, jumping and throwing are called so.
Q2. How the running events are classified?
Sprint, Middle Distance, Long Distance, Relays, Hurdles and Steeple-Chase.
Q3. What are the Sprint events?
60, 100, 200 and 400 meters. (60 meters race is mostly held in indoor and does not feature regularly in events like Olympics. It is mostly a crowd pulling entertainment event)
Q4. What are the middle distance races?
800, 1500, 3000 meters (steeple chase).
Q5. What is steeple chase race?
Normally held for 3000 meters. In this event, the athletes have to negotiate barriers (like hurdles, but higher) and water pits.
Q6. What are the long distance race?
5,000 meters, 10,000 meters and Marathons. All are flat runs, Marathon is held through designated road routes.
Q7. What are Relay races?
A team event with four athletes to complete the distance by exchange of "batons" (wood or fiber pieces). Normally held in 400 and 800 meters like 4 x 100 meters, 4 x 200 meters and 4 x  400 meters. Exchange of baton is a must, within the designated exchange zone and within the assigned lane..
Q8. What is a "Hurdles" Race?
The athletes have to negotiate hurdles put across the track at specified heights and distances within the distance of the race. The standard hurdles races are 110 mtrs for men and 100 mtrs for women. 400 mtrs hurdles are held for both men and women. The specification of the hurdles are: Men: 42inches/106.7cms for men; 39 inches/99/1 cms for masters and youth Women:33 inches/83.8 cms - short distances 30 inches/76.2 cms - for long distances.
Q9. What is a marathon?
A very long distance run, through specified routes - roads - for a distance of 26.2 mile or 42 kms. and 195 meters.
Q10. When and for what reason the distance of marathon race was decided to its present distance?
It was originally for 25 miles. In the 1908 London Olympics, the distance was extended to 26.21875 miles / 42.195 kms. So that the finish of the race would take place opposite the Royal Palace to enable the Royal family to witness the finish. It was done at the instance of Queen Alexandria. Thus it became the regular distance from 1924 Paris, Olympics.
Q11. When was Marathon included in the Olympics?
A 1896 Athens for men; 1984 Los Angeles for women.
Q12. Who is considered as the most famous marathoner?
Haile Gabriele Selassie of Ethiopia.
Q13. Which is the oldest marathon race?
Boston Marathon - 114 years old.
Q14. What are the distances for which walking races are held normally?
20 kms for both men and women at recognized meets like Olympics. 10 and 50 kms are also held at open meets.
Q15. What are the throw events?
Shot put, Javelin, Hammer and Discuss.
Q16. What is a shot-put and what are the specifications?
Throwing of an Iron ball from within a circle. The specifications are : Circle: 2.135 m/7 feet dia. Weight of the ball for men is 7.26 kg / 16 pounds and for women 4 Kgs/8/8 Pds. Throwing Area Angle is 34.92 degree .
Q17. What is a Hammer throw and the specifications?
Throwing of an iron ball attached to steel wire, by taking a couple of circular movement from within a circle. Specifications are the same as of shot-put. The length of steel wire is 4 feet / 1.22 meter /3ft 11.75 inches for men and 3 feet and 11 inches for women.
Q18. When was Hammer Throw introduced to Olympics?
1900 - Paris - France - Men and 2000 - Sydney - Australia - Women.
Q19. What is Javelin Throw and its specifications?
Throwing of a spear like object made of carbon fiber or fiber glass with metal tips, thrown from a short run up. The javelin would weigh 900 gms for men and 600 gms for women. The Men : Length 260-270 cms; weight 800-900 gms. Women : Length - 220-230 cms; weight 600 gms.
Q20. What is a discuss throw and what are the specifications?
Throwing a heavy circular disc from within a circle of 220 mm dia. Weight of the discuss for men is 2 Kgs/4 Pds, 7 ounces. Women: 1 kg / 2 Pds, 3 oucnces.
Q21. What are the "Jump" events?
High Jump, Pole Vault, Long Jump and Triple Jump.
Q22. What is High Jump?
Jumping over a horizontal bar, usually starting on a qualifying mark. Each competitor is allowed three jumps on a particular height and upon clearance the height is increased by 2 cms, excepting on occasion when a record is attempted by a competitor, it is increased by one cms.
Q23. What is the famous method of high jump and who invented it?
"Fosbury Flop" - invented and exhibited by Dick Fosbury of Oregon University, US in the 1968 Mexico Olympics. A jump through the back facing the ground and it is the most followed method of high jump.
Q24. What is Long Jump?
An event in which the competitor sprints down a runway and leaps from a designated "take off" board. The event requires speed, strength, and agility to land as far as possible on a pit filled with sand, saw dust, or finely ground soil. Each competitor is given three jumps and begins with a qualifying mark.
Q25. Who was the legendary long jumper first to cross the 8 meter mark and the record remained for a couple of decades?
Bob Beamon of USA - 1968 Mexico Olympics - 8.90 meters or 29.5 feet. It was broken by Mike Powell in 1991 with a leap of 8.95 meters.
Q26. When from long jump is included in Olympics?
1896 - Athens, Greece - Men and 1928 - Amsterdam, Netherlands - Women.
Q27. What is "Pole Vault"?
An event in which a competitor uses a flexible fiber glass or carbon fiber pole as an aid to leap over a horizontal pole normally placed at a qualifying mark and each competitor is allowed three jumps. Upon clearance the height is increased by 2 cms and for record purposes it is increased by 1 cm. The jumping pit is covered adequately by foams.
Q28. What is the specifications of the poles?
Polese are generally made for 3.05 meters (10ft) to 5.4 meters (17 feet 4.5 inches) depending upon the height of the vaulters. The weight of the pole is also determined on these grounds, with a common stress factor on the poles as 50 pounds.
Q29. Who is considered as a legend in Pole Vault?
Sergei Bubka of Soviet Union (now Ukraine). (6.14 mts set in 1985 still remains unbeaten.)
Q30. Who is first woman pole vaulter to cross the 5 meter mark?
Yelena Isinbayeva - Russia.
Q31. What is a "Triple Jump"?
It is another version of long jump where the distance of jumping is more. It was earlier called Hop-Step-Jump. The competitor takes a sprint on a runway and takes off from the assigned "take off" spot and jumps into a pit (filled with sand, sawdust) in three consecutive jumps.
Q32. What are the multi-events in Athletes?
Triathlon: Consists of three events of swimming for 1500 mtrs, cycling of 40 kms, and running for 10 kms, all to take place continuously. Made its debut in 2000 Sydney Olympics.
Heptathlon: Consists of seven events for both men and women with 100, 200, 800 mtrs, High jump, Long jump, Shot put and Javelin. Events are spread over two days.
Decathlon: For men only consisting of 10 events spread over two days.
Day 1: 100 mtrs, Long Jump, Shot put, High Jump and 400 mtrs.
Day 2: 110 mtrs hurdles, Discuss, Pole Vault, Javelin, and 1500 mtrs. In Heptathlon and Decathlon, irrespective of the place I, II, and III, the position obtained accounts for points and the aggregate points thus accrued decides the winner after all the events are completed.
Q33. Who is considered as a legend in Decathlon and talked about even today?
Daley Thompson, UK.
Q34. What are the major track and field events - Athletes held?

(1) ASIAN GAMES : Held once in 4 years among the Asian countries began in 1951 at Delhi.
(2) EUROPEAN GAMES : Held once in 4 years among the European countries.
(3) COMMONWEALTH GAMES : Held once in 4 years among the Commonwealth countries.
(4) AFRICAN GAMES : Held once in 4 years among the African countries. Commenced in 1979.
(5) PAN AMERICAN GAMES : Held once in 4 years from 1979 between American countries.
(6) IAAF GOLDEN LEAGUE : Commenced in 1998 Annual event organized by IAAF - among top world athletes. Offers lot of prize money.
(7) WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP: A biennial athletics championship, next to Olympics, commenced in 1983. Initially it was held once in four year and switched over to biennial basis.
(8) SUMMER OLYMPICS : Also called Olympics. Held once in 4 years - modern Olympics began in 1896 - for more details see under "Olympics".
(9) WINTER OLYMPICS : Held once in four years - began in 1924 at Chamonix, France - for all ice related sports like skating, skiing etc.Last held in 2006 at Turin, Italy and the next was 2010 at Vancouver British Columbia, Canada. 2014 Winter Olympics will be held at Sochi, in Russia. Besides them there are events like SAARC Games for SAARC countries, Pan Arab Games for Arabian countries.
(10) PARALYMPICS: A parallel olympic event, for the physically disadvantaged, held once in four years, immediately after the Summer Olympic, at the same city and venue where the Summer Olympics are held. The first Summer Paralympics was held in Rome, Italy in 1960. Winter Paralympics are also held once in four years from 1976, immediately following the Winter Olympics, at the same city and venue. The first Winter Paralympics was held in 1976 at Ornskoldsvik, Sweden. The 2014 Winter Paralympics is scheduled for Sochi, Russia and the 2018 games will be held at Pyeongchang, S.Korea.
Q35. When and where were the Asian Games held so far?

1951 - Delhi, India
1954 - Philippines
1958 - Tokyo, Japan
1962 - Jakarta, Indonesia
1966 - Bangkok, Thailand
1970 - Bangkok, Thailand
1974 - Tehran, India
1978 - Bangkok, Thailand
1982 - New Delhi, India
1986 - Seoul, South Korea
1990 - Beijing, China
1994 - Hiroshima, Japan
1998 - Bangkok, Thailand
2002 - Busan, South Korea
2006 - Doha, Qatar
2010 - Guanzhou, China
2014 - Incheon, South Korea
2018 - Jakarta, Indonesia (to be held)
Q36. Which city / country has hosted the most number of Asian Games so far?
Bangkok, Thailand - four times in 1966, 1970, 1978 and 1998.
Q37. How many times Asian Games were held in India?
Twice - 1951 and 1982 both at Delhi.
Q38. What are SAF Games, when from it is held?

South Asian Federations Games as part of the SAARC programme. It is now called the South Asian Games.India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives are the participants. "Peace, Prospecting and Progress" is its motto. The events were/to be held as follows:
1984 - Kathmandu, Nepal
1985 - Dhaka, Bangladesh
1987 - Kolkata, India
1989 - Islamabad, Pakistan
1991 - Colombo, Sri Lanka
1993 - Dhaka, Bangladesh
1995 - Chennai, India
1999 - Kathmandu, Nepal
2004 - Islamabad, Pakistan
2006 - Colombo, Sri Lanka
2010 - Dhaka, Bangladesh
2012 - Delhi, India
2014 - Islamabad, Pakistan
2016 - Hambantota, Sri Lanka  (to be held)
In all the events, India were the overall champions.
Q39. When did the Commonwealth Games begin and how was it known then?
1930. It was initially known as British Empire Games.  Then in 1954 it was renamed as British Empire Games. Then in 1954 it was renamed as British Empire and Commonwealth Games. From 1970 it was called as British Commonwealth Games and from 1978 it is known as Commonwealth Games.
Q40. When and where the Commonwealth Games were/to be held?

1978 - Edmonton, Canada
1982 - Brisbane, Australia
1986 - Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
1990 - Auckland, New Zealand
1994 - Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
1998 - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2002 - Manchester, UK
2006 - Melbourne, Australia
2010 - Delhi, India
2014 - Glasgow Scotland
2018 - Gold Coast, Australia (to be held)
2022 - Canada or South Africa ( to be decided and held)
Q41. Was there any boycott of Asian Games? If yes, when and why?
There were two occasions of boycott of Asian Games so far.
(1) 1978 - Boycotted by Nigeria
(2) 1982 - 36 countries boycotted due to UK and New Zealand's relations with South Africa.
Q42. When did the European Athletics Championship began and held/to be held at which places so far?


1934 - Turin, Italy 1938 - Paris, France
1946 - Oslo, Norway 1950 - Brussels, Belgium
1954 - Berne, Switzerland 1958 - Stockholm, Sweden
1962 - Belgrade, Yugoslavia 1966 - Budapest, Hungary
1971 - Helsinki, Finland 1974 - Rome, Italy
1978 - Prague, Czechoslovakia 1982 - Athens, Greece
1986 - Stuttgart, West Germany 1990 - Split, Yugoslavia
1994 - Helsinki, Finland 1998 - Budapest, Hungary
2002 - Munich, Germany 2006 - Gothenburg, Sweden
2010 - Barcelona, Spain 2012 - Helsinki, Finland
2012 - Helsinki, Finland
2014 - Zurich, Switzerland
2016 - Amsterdam, the Netherlands 
2018 - Berlin, Germany (to be held)

Q43. Who is the only Indian athlete to win a medal at the world championship?
Anju Baby George - 2003 World Championship at St. Denis, France - Long Jump - Bronze Medal Leap - 6.7 mtrs.
Q44. What are the zones marked for the runners & exchange of baton in relays?
Check Mark: About 6-8 mtrs (20-26 ft) before the acceleration line - outgoer starts running when incomer hits this mark.Acceleration Zone: 10 m (33 ft) ahead of the exchange zone line (gives outgoer run to get up speed)
Exchange Zone: consist of 20 m (66 ft) 10m before and after the start for each leg - the zone in which outgoer reaches back for the hand off.
Q45. When was the "starting blocks" invented for running events specially short distances?
1927
Q46. Who is primarily responsible for the start of Commonwealth Games?
Rev.Astley Cooper, UK - as early as 1891 itself, although the first games was held in 1930 only.
Q47. What are the countries that have not missed any of the commonwealth games so far?
Australia, Canada and England along with Scotland and Wales.
Q48. What is the name for the award for the best athlete of the Commonwealth Games?
David Dixon Award.
Q49. Where is the 2014 Asian Games scheduled to be held?
Incheon, South Korea.
Q50. When was the first ancient Olympics held?
776 BC - Olympics formed part of Roman Empire Festivals. Held at Athens, Greece.
Q51. Which Roman Empire abolished the Roman Olympics and when?
King Theodosius I in AD 394.
Q52. When from the Olympics was revived?
1896 - Athens - Greece - Beginning of Modern Olympics.
Q53. Who founded the modern Olympics?
Pierre de Coubertin of France.
Q54. Who designed the flag and emblem of Olympics?
Pierre de Coubertin.
Q55. What is the background color of the Olympic flag and its contents?
White in color - 3 x 2 mtrs - The emblem placed at the center - Introduced from 1920 Antwerp, Belgium Olympics along with the motto.
Q56. What is the emblem of Olympics?
Five circular rings, in blue, yellow, green, red and black interlinked and representing five continents. Adopted in 1913.
Q57. Which continents are represented by the rings?
(1) Blue - Europe, (2) Yellow - Asia, (3) Black - Africa, (4) Red - America, (5) Green - Australia.
Q58. What is the Olympic motto?
Citius: Swifter; Altius: Higher; and Fortius:Stronger.
Q59. Who composed the motto and when from the motto introduced in the Olympics?
Composed in 1897 by Rev.Fr.Didon, a friend of the modern Olympic founder Pierre De Coubertin introduced from the 1920 Antwerp, Belgium Olympics.
Q60. What is the Creed (belief) of the Olympics?
"The most important thing in the Olympic games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well." Composed by Pierre de Coubertin.
Q61. What is the oath an athlete has to take in the Olympics?
"In the name of all competitors, I promise that we will take part in these Olympic games, respecting and abiding by the rules which govern them, in the true spirit of sportsmanship for the glory of our sport and the honor of our teams".It is read at the opening ceremony by a chosen athlete of the host country. Composed by Pierre de Coubertin.
Q62. When was the Olympic torch first lighted?
1928, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Q63. What is the importance of Olympic torch?
A symbol of continuity between the ancient and the modern Olympics. The torch used to kindle the flame is first lit by the Sun's rays at the shrine of Zeus, Greece and then carried over land by a relay of runners to the site of the games and placed in a bowl where it burns for the entire period of the Olympics.
Q64. When from the Olympics torch relay was introduced?
1936 Berlin, Germany Olympic and continued thereafter.
Q65. When from "Olympic Mascot" was introduced?
1972 - Munich, Germany Olympics - "WALDI" a Daschhund (dog) was the mascot. It was the 20th modern day Olympics.
Q66. Since 1896, the Olympics is held every four years. However , it was not held on three occasions. When and for what reasons?
Three occasions. (1) 1916 - WWI, (2) & (3) 1940, 1944 due to WWII.
Q67. What are the various awards/cups/trophies presented in the Olympics, other than individual medals?

(1) The OLYMPIC CUP: Instituted in 1906 by Pierre de Coubertin. The original always remains at Chateau de Vivy, France. A reproduction is awarded to an institution which contributes to the development of sports in general and the Olympic in particular.

(2) SIR THOMAS FEARNLEY CUP: It was instituted in1950 by Sir Thomas Fearnley an IOC member, awarded to a club or local sports associations for remarkable achievement in the service of Olympics.

(3) MOHAMMED TOHER TROPHY: It was instituted by Mohammed Toher a former IOC member. Awarded to an amateur athlete not necessarily an Olympian.

(4) COUNT ALBERTO BONACOSSA TROPHY: Instituted in 1954 by the Italian National Olympic Committee in honor of its member Count Alberto Bonacossa. The award is given to a national Olympic committee for outstanding work.

(5) TOKYO TROPHY: Presented by the people of Tokyo city. It is given for exemplary conduct displayed by an athlete during the Olympic Games.
Q68. When was the International Olympic Committee formed, Where is its headquarters and who is its present President?
1894 - Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrious Vikolas. HQ - Lusanne, Switzerland.
First President - Demetrious Vikolas
Present President - Jacques Regge,  Germany(as of  2012). (www.olympic.org)
Q69. Who are all the President of IOC so far?

1. Dimitrias Vikelas - Greece, 1894-1896
2. Baron Pierre de Coubertin - France, 1896-1925
3. Count Henri de Ballet Latour - Belgium, 1925-1942
4. Sigfreud Edotrom - Sweden, 1946-1952
5. Avery Brundage - USA, 1952-1972
6. Lord Killanin - Ireland, 1972-1980
7. Juan Antonio Samaranch, Spain, 1980-2001
8. Jacques Regge - Belgium, 2001- September 2013
9. Thomas Bach - Germany - 10-9-2013 .......... (the only President of IOC with an Olympic Gold medal in Fencing in 1976).
Q70. When was India's Olympic committee started?
J.J.Tata started the Olympic movement in India in 1920 when India made its official entry into Olympic at Antwerp, Belgium.
Q71. Who was the first male and female to receive the Olympic medal in the modern Olympics?

Male - James Connolly - USA, 1896 - Hop step and jump.
Female - Halina Konopacka - Polland, 1928 - Discuss - track & field.
Female - Charlotte Cooper - 1900 - Tennis - Field Games..
Q72. Where are the Olympics held so far?


(1) 1896: ATHENS, GREECE - Inaugurated by king Constantine - 13 countries participated.

(2) 1900: PARIS, FRANCE - Women (eleven) made their first appearance in Olympics - 24 countries participated.

(3) 1904: St.LOUIS, USA - 12 countries participated, the least of all Olympics.
(A) Live Pigeons were used for shooting;
(B) Gold, Silver and Bronze medals awarded for the first time.
(C) Boxing and Decathlon made their debut;
(D) George Eyser with a left wooden leg won 6 medals;
(E) George Poage of US was the first "Black" to participate and win a bronze medal in the 440 m flat race.

(4) 1908: LONDON, UK - 23 countries
(A) Athletes march past with National Flag introduced;
(B) Opening ceremonies introduced;
(C) Marathon distance reassigned as 26.21875 miles / 42.195 kms from its past distance of 25 miles.

(5) 1912: STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN - 28 countries
(A) Placards bearing country's names were introduced.
(B) Solid Gold medals awarded for the last time.
(C) Electronic Time devices and Public Address System introduced.
(D) George S. Patton, who later became a famous WWII general, participated in the pentathlon event (not included now days)

(6) 1920: ANTWERP, BELGIUM - 29 countries
(A) Olympic Flag with five rings and oath by athletes were introduced.
(B) India entered Olympics.

(7) 1924: PARIS, FRANCE: 44 countries

(8) 1928: AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS - 46 countries
(A) Olympic Flame introduced.
(B) Women participated for the first time in track and field events.
(C) "Coca-Cola" sponsorship advertisement approved.
(D) From here on, it was started to be called as "Summer Olympics"
(E) India wins first gold medal in Hockey.

(9) 1932: LOS ANGELES, USA - 37 countries.
(A) Automatic time recording, photo finish camera introduced.
(B) Victory Podium, and playing of winners national anthem introduced.
(C) Olympic village construction practice introduced.

(10) 1936: BERLIN, GERMANY - 49 countries.
(A) Olympic flame torch relay introduced.
(B) Television coverage introduced.
(C) Adolph Hitler declared open the games.
(D) Jesse Owens, the legendary athlete of USA, who won four gold medals - - 100, 200, 4 x 100 mtrs relay and Long jump was the star of the show.

(11) 1948: LONDON, UK - 59 countries.
(A) Germany and Japan not invited.
(B) Communist countries participated for the first time.
(C) Starting blocks for sprint events introduced.

(12) 1952: HELSINKI, FINLAND - 69 countries.
(A) Russia participated for the first time.

(13) 1956: MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA - 67 countries.
(A) The closing ceremony was marked by the marching of all the athletes together to work global unity.

(14) 1960: ROME, ITALY - 83 countries
(A) First Black African "Abebe Bikila" won a gold for marathon.

(15) 1964: TOKYO, JAPAN - 93 countries.
(A) The Olympic flame was lit by Yoshonori Sakai who was born on 6.8.1945, the day Hiroshima was bombed by US forces.

(16) 1968: MEXICO CITY, MEXICO - 112 countries.
(A) Held at the highest altitude - 2240 m/ 7349 ft.
(B) Feminist test introduced.
(C) Basilio Sotelo the first woman to light the olympic cauldron flame.
(D) "Fosbury" style of high jump introduced.
(E) Dope Tests were introduced.

(17) 1972: MUNICH, W.GERMANY - 122 countries
(A) 11 Israeli athletes were killed by Arab Palestinian extremists.
(B) Mark Spitz of USA won 7 gold medal in swimming events the first to win 7 golds in a single Olympics.

(18) 1976: MONTREAL, CANADA - 92 countries
(A) Queen Elizabeth declared open the Olympics.
(B) 28 countries boycotted the games because New Zealand which was participating, was having sporting relations with South Africa which was then adopting the Apartheid policy.

(19) 1980: MOSCOW,RUSSIA - 92 countries

(20) 1984: LOS ANGELES, USA - 141 countries.
(A) As a revenge Russia and 13 other countries boycotted the games.
(B) Woman Marathon was introduced.

(21) 1988: SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - 159 countries
(A) North Korea, Cuba and Ethiopia boycotted the games.
B) For the first time in the history of Olympics, Ben Johnson of Canada who won the 100 mtrs Gold was tested positive. He was stripped of the gold and Carl Lewis was awarded the same.
(C) Women's Judo included.

(22) 1992:BARCELONA, SPAIN - 172 countries.
(A) Paralympian Antonio Rebellow lit the Olympic flame with a flaming arrow.
(B) Badminton (Shuttle) was included.

(23) 1996: ATLANTA,USA - 197 countries
(A) Mohammad Ali (Casius clay) was given the honour of lighting the flame.

(24) 2000: SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA - 200 countries.
(A) Women's pole vault, water polo and weight lifting included.
(B) Trampoline, Tae Kwon Do, and Synchronized diving included.
(C) Ian Thorpe of Australia was the star of the games with 5 golds in swimming.

(25) 2004: ATHENS, GREECE - 201 countries.
(A) India's Rajyavardhan Sing Rathore won a silver medal in double trap shooting event.

(26) 2008: BEIJING, CHINA
(A) 204 countries' National Olympic Committees participated.
(B) Official Logo - Dancing Beijing
(C) China topped the gold medal tally with 51 golds, while USA topped the overall medal tally with 110 medals.
(D) Michael Phelps of USA won 8 individual gold medals and tops the olympic medal winners tally. 8 gold medals in a single olympics and overall 22 gold medals.

(27) 2012: LONDON, ENGLAND.
(A) 204 countries participated
(B) USA topped the medals tally with 46 golds and overall 104 medals.

(28) 2016 : RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL  
MASCOT -- Vinicius for Summer Olympics  &  Tom for Paralympics. 
(A)   August  5 to 21, 2016.
(B)   207 National Olympic Committee Athletes about 11000 athletes participated.
(C)  28 Sports and 306 sets of Medals. 
(D)  33 Venues in 5 Cities.
(E)  Olympic Torch lit by Vanderlei de Lima -- Marathon runner. 
(F)   First Gold Medal of the games was won by Virginia Thrasher, USA - Shooting. 
(G)  High Light of the Games --  i) Usain Bolt of Jamaica won gold medals and retained his supremacy in 100, 200 and 4 x 100 mtrs.
       ii) Michael Phelps of USA, completed his medals tally to 28 -- 23 Golds, 3 Silver and 2 Bronze medals. Retained his position of being the highest individuals medals winner of all time.  
  
Q73. What is the size and metal, the Olympics medals are made of?
Size: 3 mm thick, 60 mm dia. GOLD: 92.5% Silver covered by 6 gms of gold. SILVER : 92.5 % Silver plus other metals. BRONZE: Pure bronze.
Q74. In terms of participating countries, which was the least?
1904, St.Louis, US 12 countries only participated.
Q75. Who inaugurated the first modern Olympics?
King Constantine - 1896 - Athens, Greece.
Q76. Who was the first "Black" to take part in Olympics?
George Poage, US - 1904 - St. Louis, USA - Bronze.
Q77. Who won 6 medals in a Olympic with a wooden leg (left)?
George Eyser - 1904, St. Louis, USA.
Q78. Which sport in the Olympics in which women only participated?
Soft ball.
Q79. Which was the last Olympics to award solid gold medals?
1912, Stockholm, Sweden
Q80. In which Olympics women first participated?
1900 - Paris, France.
Q81. In which Olympics, live pigeons were used for shooting events?
1904, St. Louis, USA.
Q82. In which Olympics the award of gold, silver and bronze medals began?
A 1904, St. Louis, USA.
Q83. In which Olympics, marching of athletes with their national flag in front began?
1908, London.
Q84. In which Olympics opening ceremonies were introduced?
1908, London.
Q85. From which Olympics the distance of marathon has been changed to 26.2 miles/42.195 kms, from 25 miles?
1908, London.
Q86. From which Olympics, placards with country's names was introduced?
Stockholm 1912.
Q87. Which WWII famous general participated in 1912 Stockholm Olympics?
General George S. Patton - participated in Pentathlon event.
Q88. When from Olympic flag and athletes oath were introduced?
1920, Antwerp, Belgium.
Q89. Who was nick named "Flying Finn" and for what reason?
Paavo Nurmi of Finland. He won the 1500 and 5000 mts flat race Gold medal wihin a space of 1 hour.
Q90. When were the women first allowed to take part in track and field event?
1928, Amsterdam - Netherlands.
Q91. Who acted as "Tarzan" in 12 films and also won two gold medals in Olympics?
Johnny Weismuller - 1928, Amsterdam, Netherlands - Swimming.
Q92. Who was the youngest female athlete in 2008 Beijing Olympics?
Antoniette Joyce Doude Moufa.
Q93. Who was the youngest flag bearer of 2008 Beijing Olympics?
Priscilla Tommy - 17 years, Vanuatu Islands.
Q94. In which Olympics did the famous "Blood in the water". Water polo match takes place?
1956 - Melbourne, Australia between Hungary and USSR.
Q95. When from India started participating in Olympics?
1920 - Antwerp, Belgium.
Q96. What are the "Mascots" used in Olympics so far?

1972 - Waldi - Daschhund (Dog) - Munich, Germany.
1976 - Amik - Beaver bird - Montreal, Canada.
1980 - Misha - Bear - Moscow, Russia.
1984 - Sam - Eagle - Los Angeles, USA
1988 - Hodori - Tiger Cub - Seoul, S.Korea.
1992 - Cobi - Barcelona, Spain.
1996 - Izzy - Atlanta, US
2000 - Ollie - Kookaburra bird - Syd - Platypus Milli - Echidna - All native animals of Australia, representing Earth, Air and water--Sydney, Australia..
2004 - Pheros  & Athena - Two bell shaped cartoons - brother and sister character named after "Greek Gods". Athens, Greece.
2008 - Bei Bei - Fish . Jing Jing - Panda; Huan Huan - FlameYing Ying - Antelope Nini - Swallow.- Beijing, China.
2012 - Wenlock & Mandeville - Comic Characters -London, UK. 
2016 - Vinicius -- for Summer Olympics  &  Tom for Paralympics. 
Q97. 1928 Amsterdam Olympics in special for India for what reason?
India won It's first hockey gold.
Q98. What is special about 1936 Berlin Olympics?
(1) Television coverage introduced. (2) Adolf Hitler declared open the innings. (3) Jesse Owens created record by winning four gold medals.
Q99. Which are all the Olympics not held and why?
1916 - WWI, 1940, 1944 - WWII.
Q100. In which Olympics feminity test was introduced?
1968, Mexico
Q101. Who was the first woman to light the Olympic flame?
Basilio Sotelo,  Mexico.
Q102. In which Olympics II Israeli athletes were assassinated?
1972 - Munich Olympics, W.Germany.
Q103. Which Olympics was declared open by Queen Elizabeth II?
1976 - Montreal, Canada.
Q104. Who was that famous athlete who scored a perfect 10 in Gymnastics and in which Olympics?
Nadia Comaneci of Romania - 1976 Montreal, Canada.
Q105. Which was the first Olympics to be held in a Communist country?
1980 - Moscow, Russia.
Q106. Which Olympics faced a major boycott?
1980 - Moscow - by 64 countries including USA for Russian occupation of Afghanistan.
Q107. Who was that athlete who tested positive for drugs and stripped of his gold medal for 100 mtrs and in which Olympics?
Ben Johnson - Canada, 1988 Seoul, S.Korea. Carl Lewis was awarded the same.
Q108. What is the highlight of the 1992 Barcelona Olympics?
The Olympic flames were lit by flaming arrow by paralympian Antonio Rebello of Spain.
Q109. Which Olympics flame was lit by the famous Mohammed Ali, the boxer?
Atlanta, USA - 1996.
Q110. In which Olympic Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore won a silver medal and in which event?
2004 Athens Olympics - shooting double trap.
Q111. Where is the 2012 and 2016 Olympics scheduled?
2012 - London, UK and 2016 - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Q112. Who composed the Olympic theme song?
The song was written and composed by John Towner Williams who composed the music for films like Jaws, Star Wars, Superman, E.T. Home Alone, Jurrasic Park, Harry Potter, Indiana Jones, etc.
Q113. What is the convention followed in the March Past?
Greece will always lead the teams, followed by other countries in Alphabetical order and at the end by the host country. The practice was started at the 1928 Olympics at Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Q114. Who was the first athlete to take the "Oath" for the athletes?
Victor Bion - 1920, Antwerp, Belgium.
Q115. Who is the youngest to win a medal in Olympics?
Dimitrias Loundras, Greece, at 10+ years won a bronze in gymnastics in 1896 Athens, Olympics.
Q116. What is the achievement of Oscar Swahn, of Sweden in the Olympics?
He won a gold medal in Deer shooting event at the age of 64 and also won a team event at the age of 72.
Q117. What is the achievement of Jeff Farrell of USA in 1960 Rome Olympics?
Won two gold medals in swimming after 6 days of undergoing a surgery for Appendicitis.
Q118. Who was the first athlete to be disqualified for drugs?
Hans Gunnar Lilijenwall of Sweden for alcohol use in 1968 Mexico Olympics. Actually he had two cans of beer. Because of this, the Swedish team had to surrender their bronze medal won for the pentathlon event.
Q119. What is the achievement of father and son duo, in Olympics?
(1) Father - Imrenemeth - Hungary Gold medal in Hammer Throw in 1948 Olympics - London. (2) Son - Niklos Nemeth - Gold medal in Javelin in 1976 Montreal Olympics.
Q120. How many lanes will be there track events, in Olympics and in general?
Eight.
Q121. In which Olympics, Indian national anthem was played for the first time?
1948, London Olympics.
Q122. Which Olympics was disrupted for natural causes?
1908 Rome Olympics due to the eruption of Vesuvius Mountain.
Q123. Which athlete has the record of winning the maximum number of Olympic medals?
Laryssa Latynina of Ukraine has an all time record of 18 medals between 1956-1964 in Gymnastics.
Q124. Which are the only two countries to have attended all the Olympics so far?
Greece and Australia.
Q125. Who are the athletes who have won 12 medals on an all time basis so far?
(1) Paulo Nurmi - Finland, (2) Bjorn Daehli - Norway (3) Birgit Fisher - Germany (4) Sawako Kato - Japan (5) Jerry Thompson - US 6. Laryssa Latynina of Ukraine (18 medals)
Q126. Who proposed the Olympic motto - Citius, Altius, and Fortius and what do they mean?
Father Henry Didon of France suggested this motto. They mean, Citius - Faster, Altius, - Higher, Fortius - stronger.
Q127. Which host country of Olympics has not won a gold medal in 1976?
Canada - Montreal.
Q128. In which Olympics, Indian women participated first?
1952 - Helsinki, Finland.
Q129. Who wrote the Olympic Anthem and composed the same?
Kostis Palamas wrote it and Syros Samaras composed it in music. Both are from Greece.
Q130. Who mentioned that "Pentathletes" are the best among athletes, because they are naturally endowed with both strength and speed?
Aristotle.
Q131. Who was the first President of IOC?
Dimetrius Vikelas of Greece from 1894 to 1896.
Q132. Who gave the Olympic slogan "Sports for All" and what is his other achievement?
Phillip Noel Baker, a silver medalist in 1500 mtrs in 1920 Antwerp, Belgium Olympics. He is also the first and only Olympian to win "Nobel Peace" prize.
Q133. From India, who are all the Olympic medal winners?

1. KASHABHA D.JADHAV - 1952 - Helsinki, Finland. Wrestling, Bronze medal.
2. LEANDER PAES - 2000 - Sydney, Australia, Tennis, Bronze medal.
3. KARNAM MALLESWARI - Weight lifting - 2000, Sydney.
4. RAJYAVARDHAN SINGH RATHORE - 2004, Athens, Greece, Shooting double trap, Silver medal (He is an army officer)
5. ABHINAV BINDRA - 2008 - Beijing, China - 10 mtrs Rifle Shooting, Gold medal.
6. SUSHEEL KUMAR - 2008 - Beijing, China - Wrestling Bronze medal.
7. VIJENDRA KUMAR - 2008 - Beijing, China - Boxing.
8. VIJAYAKUMAR - 2012 - London, UK - Shooting - Silver
9. SUSHIL KUMAR - 2012 - London, UK - Wrestling - Silver
10.GAGAN NARANG - 2012 - London, UK - Shooting - Bronze.
11.SANIA NEHWAL - 2012 - London, UK - Badminton, Bronze.
12.MARY KOM - 2012 - London, UK - Boxing -  Bronze.
13.YOGESHWAR DUTT - 2012 - London - Wrestling, Bronze.
14.SHAKSHI MALLIK -- 2016 -- Rio-de-Janeiro -- Wrestling -- Bronze. 
15.P.V.SINDHU  -- 2016 -- Rio-de-Janeiro -- Badminton - Silver. 
Q134. When and where was the first Olympics held in Asia?
Tokyo, Japan - 1964.
Q135. In the 2008 Olympics the marching order of athletes in the opening ceremony was Greece, followed by Guinea, which was unusual. Why was this so?
The order was based on Chinese language script.
Q136. Who was the first woman to win an Olympic medal?
Charlotte Cooper in 1900 Paris, France Olympics Tennis.
Q137. Who is the first woman to win an Olympic Gold medal in track and field event?
Halina Konopacka, Poland - 1928 Amsterdam, Netherlands Olympics - Discuss Throw.
Q138. Which Indian athlete missed to win a medal in the Olympics by 1/100th of a second and in which Olympics?
P.T.Usha, 1984 Los Angeles, USA Olympics.
Q139. How is P.T. Usha, also called?
"Payyoli Express" and "Golden Girl". Payyoli is her home town in Kerala.
Q140. What is the name of the stadium where the first modern Olympics was held in 1896?
Parathenian Stadium.
Q141. Where was the first winter Olympics held?
1924 - Chamonix, France.
Q142. When was the summer and winter Olympics were held in the same year?
1992
Q143. Which country has won the most winter Olympics medals?
Norway.
Q144. Which living sporting legend threw his Olympic gold medal into the Ohio river as a protest?
Mohammed Ali (Casius clay) Boxer.
Q145. Who is the oldest person to win Olympic gold in 100 mtrs?
Linford Christie of UK.
Q146. Which Olympics games is called as "Hitler Olympics"?
1936 Berlin Olympics in Germany.
Q147. Which country hosted the inaugural Summer Youth Olympics?
Singapore - August 2010 - Youth between 14 to 18 are alone eligible to participate.
Q148. What are the reasons for the boycott of three Olympics Games in 1976, 1980 and 1984 by some countries?
1976 - New Zealand's Rugby team tour to South Africa. 1980 - USSR invasion of Afghanistan. 1984 - American's retaliation - otherwise called the Americans whipping up Chauvinist hysteria.
Q149. Who is considered as the father of Paralympics ?
Ludwik Guttman, Germany/America.
Q150. When was Paralympics Games included in Summer Olympics on a regular basis?
1960 Rome Olympics. Held once in four years along with the Summer Olympics.
Q151. Where were the Paralympics Games held so far?
No. Place Year
1. Rome, Italy -- 1960
2. Tokyo, Japan -- 1964
3. Tel Aviv, Israel -- 1968
4. Heidelberg, Germany -- 1972
5. Toronto, Canada -- 1976
6. Arnhem, Netherlands -- 1980
7. New York, USA & Stoke Mandeville, UK -- 1984.
8. Seoul, South Korea -- 1988.
9. Barcelona, Madrid, Spain -- 1992.
10. Atlanta, USA -- 1996.
11. Sydney, Australia -- 2000.
12. Athens, Greece -- 2004
13. Beijing, China -- 2008
14. London, UK -- 2012.
15. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil -- 2016.
16. Tokyo, Japan -- 2020 (to be held)
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Q152. Whenfrom the Winter Paralympics started?
1976 -- Sweden. Held once in four years. Till 1992, it was held in the same year of Summer Oympics. From 1994 onwards it is held in the even years in which the Summer Olympic is not held.
Q153. Where were the Winter Paralympics Games held so far?
No. Place Year
1. Ornskoldsvik, Sweden 1976
2. Geilo, Norway 1980
3. Innsbruck, Austria 1984
4. Innsbruck, Austria 1988
5. Tignes Albertville, France 1992
6. Lillehammer, Norway 1994
7. Nagano, Japan 1998
8. Salt Lake City, USA 2002
9. Turin, Italy 2006
10. Vancouver, Canada 2010
11. Sochi, Russia 2014
12. Pyeong Chang, Korea 2018
13. Beijing, China 2022
14.
15.
16.
Q154. When did India participate for the first time in Summer Paralympics?
1968 -- Tel Aviv, Israel -- Summer Paralympics.
Q155. Who was the first Indian to win a medal at the Paralympics?
Muralikant Petkar -- Swimming -- 1972 -- Heidelberg, Germany .
Q156. Who are all the Indian medal winners at the Paralympics so far?
No. Year Place Name Event Medal
1. 1972 Heidelberg, Germany Muralikant Petkar Swimming Gold
2. 1984 New York, USA Bhimrao Kesarkar Javelin Silver
3. --- ------------------ Joginder Singh Bedi Shotput Silver
4. --- ------------------- Joginder Singh Bedi Javelin Bronze
5. --- ------------------- Joginder Singh Bedi Discuss Bronze
6. 2004 Athens, Greece Devendra Jhajaria Javelin Gold
7. ----- -------------------- Rajinder Singh Rahelu Weight Lifting Bronze
8. 2012 London, UK Girisha Nagarajagowda High Jump  Silver
9. 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Mariappan Thangavelu High Jump Gold
10. ----- ----------------- Devendra Jhajaria Javelin Gold
11. ----- ------------------ Deepa Malik Shotput Silver
12. ----- ------------------ Varun Bhati High Jump Bronze
           
           
Q157. What is the special achievements of Indian Sportsment at the Paralympics -- Joginder Singh Bedi, Devendra Jhajaria and Deepa Malik?
Joginder Singh Bedi -- won 3 medals (1 silver, 2 Bronze) in the 1984 New York Paralympics in Shotput, Javelin and Discuss. Devendra Jhajaria -- Won 2 Gold Medals in 2004 and 2016 Paralympics both in Javelin. Deepa Malik -- won a Silver Medal in 2016 Paralympics in Shotput -- at the age of 45+.


Standing Track & Field Olympic Records As of 2016 Rio de Janeiro   Olympics:
Men:
EVENT NAME/COUNTRY RECORD SET IN
100 mtrs Usain Bolt/Jamaica 9.63s 2012--London
200 mtrs Usain Bolt/Jamaica 19.30s 2008--Beijing
400 mtrs Weidi Van Niekerk, S.Africa  43.03s 1996--Atlanta
800 mtrs David Rudisha 1:40.91 mts 2012--London
1500 mtrs Noah Ngeny, Kenya 3:32.07 mts 2000--London
5000 mtrs Kenenisa Bekele, Ethiopia 12:57.82 mts 2008--Beijing
10000 mtrs Kenenisa Bekele, Ethiopia 27:01.17 mts 2008--Beijing
Marathon Samuel Wanjiru, Kenya 2.06.32 Hrs 2008--Beijing
110 mtrs Hurdles. Liu Xiang, China 12.91s 2004--Athens
400 mtrs. Hurdles Kevin Young, USA 46.78s 1992--Barcelona
3000 mtrs. Steeple Chase Conseslus Kriputo, Kenya  8:03.28 mts 2016 - Rio de Janeiro 
4 X 100 mtrs Relay Jamaica 36.84s 2012--London
4 X 400 mtrs Relay USA 2:55.39 mts 2008--Beijing
20 Km Walk Chen Ding, China 1:18:46 Hrs 2012--London
50 Km Walk Sergey Kirdyapkin, Russia 3:35:59 Hrs 2012--London
High Jump Charles Austin, USA 2.39 mts 1996--Atlanta
Long Jump Bob Beamon, USA* 8.90 mtrs 1968*--Mexico
Pole Vault Thiago Braz da Silva, Brazil ** 6.03 mtrs 2016 - Rio de Janeiro
Triple Jump Kenny Harrison, USA 18.09 mtrs 1996--Atlanta
Shot Put Ulf Timmermann, East Germany 22.47 mtrs 1988--Seoul
Discuss Throw Virgilyin Alokna, Lithuania 69.89 mtrs 2004--Athens
Hammer Throw Sergey Litvinov, USSR 84.80 Mtrs 1988--Seoul
Javelin Throw Andreas Thorkildsen, Norway 90.57 mtrs 2008--Beijing
Decathlon Roman Sebrle, Czech
Ashton Eaton, USA 
8893 pts. 2004--Athens
2016--Rio de Janeiro 
       
       
       

* The higher record is held  by Mike Powell (8.95 mtrs)in World Championships 1991.
**The higher record is held  by Sergei Bubka in July 1994 with a leap pf 6.15 mtrs  outside the Olympics .
Both these records have been achieved outside the Olympics.
WOMEN :
100 mtrs Florence G.Joyner, USA 10.62s 1988--Seoul
200 mtrs Florence G. Joyner, USA 21.34s 1988--Seoul
400 mtrs Marie Jose Perec, France 48.25s 1996--Atlanta
800 mtrs Nadezhda Olizarenko, USSR 1:54.43 mts 1980--Moscow
1500 mtrs Paula Ivan, Romania 3:53.96 mts 1988--Seoul
5000 mtrs Vivian Cheruiyot, Kenya  14:26.17 mts 2016-Rio de Janeiro
10000 mtrs Almaz Ayana, Ethiopia  29:17.45 mts 2016-Rio de Janeiro 
Marathon Tiki Gelena, Ethiopia 2:23:07 Hrs 2012--London
100 mtrs Hurdles Sally Pearson, Australia 12:35s  2012--London
400 mtrs Hurdles Melaine Walker, Jamaica 52.64s 2008--Beijing
3000 mtrs Steeple Guluara Galkina Sanitova,Russia 8:58.85mts 2008--Beijing
4 X 100 mtrs Relay East Germany 41.60s 1980--Moscow
4 X 400 mtrs Relay Soviet Union 3:15.27 mts 1988--Seoul
20 Km Walk Elena Lashmanova, Russia 1.25.02 Hrs 2012-London
High Jump Yelena Slasarenko, Russia 2.06 mtrs 2004--Athens
Long Jump Jackie Joyner Kersee, USA 7.40 mtrs 1988--Seoul
Pole Vault Yelena Isinbayeva, Russia 5.05 mtrs 2008--Beijing
Triple Jump Francois Mbango Etone, Cameron 15.39 mtrs 2008--Beijing
Shot Put Ilona Slupianek, East Germany 22.41 mtrs 1980--Moscow
Discuss Throw Martina Hellmann, E.Germany 72.30 mtrs 1988--Seoul
Hammer Throw Anita Wlodarczyk, Poland  82.29 mtrs 2016-Rio de Janeiro
Heptathlon Jackie Joyner Kersee, USA 7291 Pts. 1988--Seoul
Javelin Throw Osleidys Menendez, Cuba 71.53 mtrs 2004--Athens