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THEY ARE THE FATHERS

Father of the Nation (India) Gandhiji .. India .. 1869-1948 .. Lawyer .. Freedom Fighter.
Father of Israel David Ben Gurion .. Israel .. 1886-1973.
Father of Green Revolution Norman Borlaug..USA... 1914-2009.. Nobel Laureate (Peace) 1970
Father of Indian Green Revolution M.S.Swaminathan..India..1925--MS Swaminathan Research Foundation, World Food Prize, Padma Vibhushan.
Father of White (Milk) Revolution Dr.Verghese Kurien...Kerala, India... 1921... Founder Gujarat Cooperative Milk Federation ... Padma Vibhushan ... Ramon Magsaysay Awardee.
Father of Modern Astronomy Nicolas Copernicus...Poland...1473-1543
Father of Nuclear Physics Ernest Rutherford...New Zealand...1871-1937...Nobel Laureate (Chemistry) -1908.
Father of US Space Programme Werner Von Braun...German American...1912..1977.
Father of Indian Atomic Energy Homi J.Bhabha-India..1909..1966..Founder of TIFR and BARC.
Father of Bombay(Mumbai) Gov.Genl.Gerald Aungier...Died in 1677.
Father of Hydrogen Bomb Otto Hahn...German...1879-1968...Nobel Laureate (Chemistry) 1944.
Father of Periodic Table Dmitri Mendelev...Russian... 1834..1907...Inventor "Periodic Table"
Father of Photography William Henry Fox Talbot...UK...1800..1877.
Father of Electricity Michael Faraday...UK...1791..1867; Thomas Alva Edison...USA...1847-1931; , Nikola Tesla...Serbian..American; William Gilbert...UK...1544..1603.
Father of Indian Constitution B.R.Ambedkar--India--1891-1956-Lawyer, First Law Minister
Father of Indian Unrest Bal Gangadhar Tilak...India...185..1920..Lawyer, Freedom Fighter.
Father of Atom Bomb Enrico Fermi...Italian American...1901..1954...Nobel Physics 1938.
Father of Indian Nuclear Science Homi J.Bhabha....India....1909-1966....Founder TIFR and BARC..Padma Bhushan 1954.
Father of Early Medicine Imhotep...Egypt...27BC; Charaka...India..300 BC... Ayurveda..
Father of Modern Medicine Hippocrates...Greek...460..370BC
Father of Indian Economic Reforms P.V.Narasimha Rao...Andhra Pradesh,India...1921..2004-9th PM of India.
Father of Indian Chemical Industry Prafulla Chandra Roy..West Bengal,India..1861..1944..Founder of India's first chemical industry "Bengal Chemical & Pharmaceuticals.
Father of Indian Nuclear Programme Dr.Raja Ramanna...Karnataka, India ... 1924-2004...Nuclear Scientist.
Father of Bangladesh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman...Bangladesh...1920..1975...Founder of "Awami League", First President.
Father of Biology Aristotle...Greek...384..322 BC.
Father of Zoology Aristotle...Greek...384..322 BC.
Father of Botany Theophrastus...Greek...371..287 BC
Father of Modern Botany Carl Linnaeus...Sweden...1707..1778.
Father of Endochrinology Arnold Berthold
Father of Bacteriology Robert Koch...German...1843..1910...Famous for isolation of Anthrax, Tuberculosis and Cholera - Nobel Physiology 1905; Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek...Dutch...1632..1723...First Red Blood Cell description;, Ferdinand Cohn...German...1828..1898; Louis Pasteur...French...1822..1895..
Father of Immunology Edward Jenner...UK...1779..1823.
Father of Evolutionary Ideas Empedocles...Greek...490..430BC.
Father of Evolution Charles Darwin...UK...1809..1882..
Father of Genetics G.J.Mendel...Austrian...1822-1884; William Bateson...UK ..1862..1926.
Father of Modern Genetics T.H. Morgan...American ...1866..1945...Nobel Physiology..1933.
Father of Microbiology Louis Pasteur...French...1822..1895
Father of Cytology Robert Hooke...UK ..1635..1703.
Father of Plant Physiology Stephan Hales...UK...167..1761.
Father of Indian Paleobotany Birbal Sahani...India...1891..1949.
Father of Eugenics Francis Galton...UK...1822...1911.
Father of Mutation Hugo De VriDutch...1848...1935.
Father of Blood Circulation William Harvey...UK...1578...1657.
Father of Blood Groups Karl Landsteiner...Austrian...1868..1943...Nobel Physiology 1930.
Father of Taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus...Sweden...1707..1778.
Father of Radiation Genetics H.J. Muller...American...1890..1967...Nobel Physiology 1946.
Father of Palaeontology George Cuvier...French...1769..1832; Leonardo da Vinci...Italian..1452..1519.
Father of Microscopy Marcello Malpighi...Italian...1628..1694..
Father of Libraries Callimachus...Greek..Died in 240BC..
Father of Inertial Navigation Charles Stark Draper...American...1901..1987.
Father of Modern Sudoku Howard Garns...USA...1905..1989.
Father of Modern Oceanography Mathew Fontaine Maury...American...1806..1873.
Father of Modern Indian Astronomy Manali Kallat Vaina Bappu...India...1927..1982.
Father of Biogeography Alfred Russel Wallace...UK...1823..1913.
Father of Entomology Jan Swammerdam...Dutch...1637-1680; John Christian Fabricius...Dutch...1745-1808; William Kirby...UK...1759..1850.
Father of Ichthylogy Peter Artedi...Sweden...1705..1735.
Father of Lichenology Erik Acharius...Sweden...1757..1819.
Father of Molecular Biology Linus Pauling...American...1901..1994...Nobel Chemistry 1954
Father of Molecular Biophysics Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran...India ...1922..2001.
Father of Neuro Science Santiago Ramon Y Cajal...Spain...1852..1934...Nobel Physiology 1906.
Father of Protozoology Antonie Van Leeuwenhock...Dutch...1632..1723.
Father of Early Toxicology Paracelsus...1493..1541...Germana Swiss Physician, Alchemist, Botanist etc.,
Father of Modern Toxicology Mathieu Orfila...Spain...1787..1853.
Father of Virology Martinus Beijerinck...Dutch...1851..1931.
Father of Early Atomic Theory Democritus--Greek-460-370 BC.
Father of Moden Atomic Theory Father Roger Boscovich...Croat...1711..1787; John Dalton...UK...1766..1844.
Father of Modern Chemical Thermodynamics Gilbert Lewis...American...1875-1946; Willard Gibbs...American...1839...1903; Merle Randall...American...1888..1950; Edward Guggenheim..UK...1901..1970.
Father of early Chemistry Jabir Ibn Hayyan...Persian (Iran)...722..804.
Father of Modern Chemistry Joseph Priestly...UK...1733..1804; Antonie Lavoisier...French...1743..1794; Robert Boyle...Irish...1627..1691; Jons Berzelius...Sweden...1779..1848; John Dalton...UK...1766..1844.
Father of Nuclear Chemistry Otto Hahn...German...1879..1968...Nobel Chemistry 1944.
Father of Physical Chemistry Svante Arrhenius...Sweden...1859..1927; Wilhelm Ostwald...German...1853..1932...Nobel Chemistry 1909; Hermann Von Helmholtz...German...1821..1894; Willard Gibbs..American...1839..1903.
Father of Geology Father Nicholas Steno...Dutch...1638..1686; James Hutton...Scotland...1726..1797.
Father of Modern Limnology G.Evelyn Hutchinson...UK...USA...1903..1991.
Father of Mathematical Geography Erastothenes...Greek...276..195 BC.
Father of Mineralogy Georgius Agricola...German...1494..1555.
Father of Meteorology Mathew Fontaine Maury...American...1806..1873.
Father of Plate Tectonics Alfred Wegener...German...1880..1930
Father of Acoustical Oceanography Leonoid Brekhovskikh....Russian....1907..2005.
Father of Stratigraphy Father Nicholas Steno....Denmark....1638..1686.
Father of Audiology Raymond Carhart....Mexico....1912-1975.
Father of Cognitive Therapy Aaron T.Beck....American....1921.
Father of Emergency Medicine Peter Safar....Austrian....1924..2005; Frank Pantridge....N.Ireland....1916....2004.
Father of Gynaecology J.Marion Sims....American....1813..1883.
Father of Human Anatomy Andreas Vesalius....1514..1564.
Father of Medical Genetics Victor McKusick....American....1921..2008.
Father of Modern Dentistry Pierre Fauchard....French....1678..1761.
Father of Modern Nutrition Justus Von Liebig....German....1803..1873.
Father of Psychology Wilhelm Wundt....German..1832..1920.
Mother of Nursing Florence Nightingale....UK....1820..1910.
Father of Organ Transplantation Thomas Starzl....American....1926..He was the first doctor to perform the first liver transplantation.
Father of Paediatrics Md.Ibn Zakariya Razi....Persian....865..925.
Father of Physiology Claude Bernard....French....1813..1878.
Father of Plastic Surgery Sushruta....India....800 BCE....his writings are known as "Sushruta Samhita".
Father of Psycho Analysis Sigmund Freud....Austrian....1856..1939.
Father of Psycho Physics Gustav Fechner....German....1801..1887.
Father of Space Medicine Hubertus Srughold....German....1898..1986.
Father of Early Surgery Sushruta....800 BCE....his writings are known as "Sushruta Samhita".
Father of Modern Surgery Abu al Qasim al Zahrawi....Arab....936..1013; Guy de Chauliac....French....1300..1368; Ambroise Pause; John Hunter....Scotland....1728..1793; Joseph Lister....UK....1827..1912; William Stewart Halsted....American...1852..1922.
Father of Aerodynamics Nikolai Zhukovsky....Russian....1847..1921; George Cayley....UK....1773..1857.
Father of Electrodynamics Andre Marie Ampere....French....1775..1836.
Father of Modern Physics Galileo Galilei....Italian....1564..1642.
Father of Nuclear Science Marie Curie....French Polish....1867..1934....Nobel Physics 1903 and Nobel Chemistry 1911; Pierre Curie....husband of Marie Curie....shared Nobel Physics with Marie Curie in 1903.
Father of Optics Ibn al Haytham....Arab Physicist....11th century.
Father of Quantum Mechanics Max Planck....German....1858....1947....Nobel Physics 1918.
Father of Relativity Albert Einstein....German....1879..1955....Nobel Physics 1921.
Father of Space Flight (Rocketry) Robert Hutchings Goddard....American....1882..1945; Konstantin Tsiolkovsky....Russian....1857..1935; Hermann Oberth....Austro Hungarian German....1894..1989.
Father of Thermodynamics Sadi Carnot....France....1796..1832.
Father of Algebra Brahmagupta....India....598..668AD; Diophantus....Greek....3rd Century AD.
Father of Analysis Augustin Louis Cauchy....France....1789..1857; Karl Weierstrass....German....1815..1897.
Father of Analytic Geometry Rene Descartes....France....1596..1650; Pierre de Fermat....France....1607..1665.
Father of Calculus Isaac Newton....UK....1642..1727; Gottfried Liebniz....German....1646..1716.
Father of Computer Science George Boole....UK....1815..1864; Alan Turing....UK....1912..1954.
Father of Descriptive Geometry Gaspard Monge....French....1746..1818.
Father of Geometry Euclid....Greek....300 BC.
Father of Graph Theory Leonhard Euler....Swiss....1707..1783
Father of Number Theory Pythagoras....Greek....570..495BC.
Father of Probability Theory Pierre de Fermat....France....1607..1665; Blaise Pascal....French....1623..1662; Christian Huygens....Dutch....1629..1695.
Father of Projective Geometry Gerard Desargues....French 1591....1661.
Father of Trigonometry Arya Bhatta....India....476..550 CE ; Hipparchus....Greek....190..120BC.
Father of Vector Calculus Willard Gibbs....American....1839..1903; Oliver Heaviside....UK....1850..1925.
Father of Chaos Theory Henri Poincare....French....1854..1912; Edward Lorennz....American....1917..2008.
Father of Anthropology Herodotus....Greek....484..425BC; Abu Rayhan al Biruni....Uzbek....973..1048.
Father of Demography Ibn Khaldlun....Egypt....1332..1406.
Father of Indology Abu Rayhan al Biruni....Uzbek....973..1048.
Father of Egyptology Father Athanasius Kircher....German....1602..1680; Jean Francois Champollion....French....1790..1832.
Father of Early Linguistics Panini....India....6th Century BC....Sanskrit Scholar.
Father of Modern Lingustics Ferdinand de Sassure....Swiss....1857..1913; Noam Chomsky....American....1928.
Father of Political Science Nicolo Machiavelli....Italian....1469..1527.
Father of Sociology Ibn Khaldun.......Egypt....1332..1406; Adam Ferguson....Scotland...1723..1816; Auguste Comte....French....1798..1857; Marquis de Condorcet....French....1743..1794.
Father of Early Economics Ibn Khaldun....Egypt....1332..1406; Chanakya/Kautilya....India....370..283 BC.
Father of Modern Economics Richard Cantillon....Irish French....1680s..1734; Anders Chydenius....Swedish Finnish....1729..1803; Adam Smith....Scotland....1723..1790.
Father of Mathematical Economics Daniel Beramoulli....Swiss....1700..1782.
Father of Monetary Economics Nicole Oresme....French....1320..1382.
Father of Micro Credit Muhammad Yunus....Bangladesh....1940....Nobel Peace 2006.
Father of Personnel Economics Edward Lazear....American....1948.
Father of Communism Karl Marx....German....1818..1883; Friedrich Engels....German English....1820..1895; David Ricardo....UK....1772..1823.