Education in our country comes under the Ministry of Human Resources Development , headed by Cabinet Minister Smriti Irani Zubin. The Ministry is divided into two departments: 1. Department of School Education and Literacy 2. Department of Higher Education.

Current literacy rate of India is 74.04%.

Monastic form of education, - also called the "Gurukul" system was the ancient and medieval days practice of education in our country. Although these systems were considered as primitive, the world wonders and fails to understand the knowledge with which our ancient scholars like, Manu, Chanakya, Panini, Aryabhatta, Bhaskara,Varahamihira, Sripati, Lagadha, Brahmagupta, Mahendra suri, Acyuta and host of others contributed in the field, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Mathematics, Politics, Philosophy.

Can we now ever imagine mathematics without zero? It is a proud movement to say that the concept of Zero was given to the world by Brahmagupta and the designing of Zero (0) was made by Gautama Siddha. In the modern day, the contribution of Ramanujan, to mathematics and the world wondered on his wide knowledge of mathematics. In the field of space science or missile technology, the world considers India as one of the powerful country and our country is one of the six countries in the world to explore the space.

The British introduced the modern educational system to India and introduced English to us only during 1835. Today, our country is considered as one of the best English speaking countries and we have some world recognized literary personalities on English, our English/computer literate youth are in great demand worldwide, is a clear indication of the wealth of knowledge our country possess.Moreover, our Indian family system gives top priority for education.

In these circumstances, with varied cultural people, more than half of the population living in rural areas and hilly places, it is for the government to formulate such educational policies, raise institutions and incentives, and educate the people to still higher level (especially the rural population). The Government has also made Education a Fundamental Right for all Children recently and has also started the "Sarvashiksha Abhigyan" scheme to educate all.

The Secondary level education is managed by NCERT and the college level is managed by UGC. In order to ensure that the youth does not suffer for want of funds to seek higher studies, all nationalized banks have been advised to extend educational loans without collateral security.

74.04%

Human Resources Ministry headed by Smriti Irani Zubin.

Kerala ( As of 2001 census it was 90.86) - now it is near 100%.

Bihar with 61%.

Ernakulam Dist., Kerala- 1990.

1. 10+2+3 = 12 years of schooling + 3 years of college. 2. 10+2+4 = 12 years of schooling + 4 years of college mostly professional courses. 3.10+2+5 = 12 years of schooling + 5 years of college for certain professional courses like medicine, specialization in Engineering, law etc., . The college life of 3, 4, or 5 years or even further depends upon further studies chosen.

NCERT - National Council of Educational Research and Training. It was established in 1961, headquartered at Delhi, headed by a Director and has regional offices.
Its main functions are educational research, development, training, extension, publication, dissemination and exchange programmes. It has its own academic and technical support institutions at New Delhi, Bhopal, Ajmer, Bhubaneshwar, Mysore and Shillong. It drafts, publishes and recommends text books for classes 1 to 12.

CBSE - Central Board of Secondary Education set up in 1962. A self financing body headed by a Chairman. Evolves policies and syllabus upto 10+2. It is headquartered at Delhi and has regional offices at Chennai, Ajmer, Guwahati, Panchkula, Allahabad and Delhi.
ICSE - Indian Certificate of Secondary Education for studies upto 10th standard in English medium.
ISC - Indian School Certificate - after ICSE 10th standard to pursue 2 years of higher schooling. Most of the Public Schools, like Doon School, Dehradun, Bishop Cotton School, Bengaluru follow this system.
STATE BOARD - Adopted by respective state governments following 10+2 pattern of education with their syllabus and state aided.

Colleges, Engineering colleges, Medical Colleges, National Institute of Technologies, Indian Institute of Technologies, Indian Institute of Managements (after college), Law College, Chartered and Cost Accountants Institutions (after college studies on commerce), and a host of other subjects and institutions. With the private sector entering the educational field, the scope, varied course options, financial assistance and logistically convenient locations are now available for the students to pursue higher education.

UGC - University Grants Commission: Functioning under the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resources Development. Established from November 1956 through an Act of Parliament. It provides funds for all the government run higher education institutions, frames policies and programmes on education, accords accreditation to Universities. The Commission is headed by a Chairman, a Vice Chairman, a Member Secretary, and members. Headquartered at Delhi, and has regional offices at Hyderabad, Pune, Bhopal, Delhi, Guwahati, Kolkatta and Bengaluru.

1.AICTE - All India Council of Technical Education : Established under the AICTE Act of 1987. Responsible for all technical education in India. Headquartered at Delhi and headed by a Chairman.
2.Distance Educational Council: Established in 1985 and headquartered at Delhi - Constituted under the Indira Gandhi National Open University Act of 1985.
3. ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research : HQ: Delhi - Controls all Agriculture Research oriented institutions all over India.
4. Bar Council of India : Responsible for Legal studies and profession.
5. Medical Council of India: A statutory body under Indian Council Act of 1935/1956. Takes care of medical education and profession.
6. Pharmacy Council of India: A statutory body created under the Pharmacy Act of 1948. Takes care of pharmaceutical studies and drugs related studies.
7.Indian Nursing Council: Established under Indian Nursing Council Act of 1947. Responsible for Nursing Education in India.
8. Dental Council of India: Established under Dentists Act of 1948 - Responsible for Dental education in India.
9. NAAC - National Assessment & Accreditation Council - Established in 1994 by the recommendations of the National Policy on Education of 1986. Headquartered at Delhi and responsible for accreditation of higher educational institutions.

IITs - Indian Institute of Technology - Upto 2008, there were only the following seven of them:

1. Kharagpur, West Bengal - 1951
2. Mumbai, Maharashtra - 1958
3. Chennai, Tamilnadu - 1959
4. Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh - 1959
5. Delhi - 1961
6. Guwahati - Assam - 1994
7. Roorkee, Uttarakhand - 1887/2001.

In March 2008, the government decided to open more IITs across the country. Based on this, the following new IITs have been established:
1. IIT, Ropar, Rupnagar - 2008
2. IIT - Bhubaneswar - 2008
3. IIT - Gandhinagar - 2008
4. IIT - Hyderabad - 2008
5. IIT - Patna - 2008
6. IIT - Jodhpur, Rajasthan - 2008
7. IIT - Mandi, Himachal Pradesh - 2009
8. IIT - Indore, Madhya Pradesh - 2009
9. IIT - Varnasi, UP - established in 2012.

Institutes of Technology Act, 1961. Under this Act, the first seven IITs have been declared as institutions of national importance.

Kharagpur, West Bengal - 1951

Established in 1847 as the first Engineering college in India by the British. Renamed as Thomson College of Civil Engineering in 1854. Became the first Technical University of India in 1949 and named as University of Roorkee. In 2001, it was upgraded as IIT.

The President of India as the ex-officio visitor followed by IIT Council, Board of Governors, Directors and Deans.

1. Through Joint Entrance Examinations called IIT-JEE for graduation studies - B.Tech in any discipline.
2. Through GATE - Graduate Aptitude Tests in Engineering for admission to Post graduation studies like M.Tech in any discipline.
3. Through JMET - Joint Management Entrance Tests for admission to management studies at IITs.
4. Through JAM - Joint Admission Tests for M.Scs in IITs and IISc.

Formerly known as Regional Engineering colleges. Central government sponsored institutions. There are about 30 of them located at : Srinagar, Hamirpur, Jullandhar, Kurukshetra, Jaipur, Allahabad, Patna, Silchar, Bhopal, Durgapur, Agarthala, Jamshedpur, Rourkela, Surat, Nagpur, Raipur, Warangal, Surathkal, Calicut and Tiruchirapalli.
Besides them, new NITs have been proposed at Goa, Puducherry, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim. All these NITs have already started functioning in the neighbouring NITs from 2010, till the infrastructure developments are completed.

Through state level entrance or counseling method by cut-off marks and also through entrance tests of the respective NITs.

President is the ex-officio visitor of all NITs, NIT Council, Directors and Deans of the colleges.

IIITs are similar to IITs but emphasis is laid entirely on information technology oriented studies. Considered as prestigious institutions located at Gwalior, Allahabad, Kanchipuram and Jabalpur. Admission to these institutions are through All India Engineering Entrance Examination - AIEEE. Some new IIITs are also under consideration. Kanchipuram and Jabalpur institutions are specialized institutions for design and manufacturing.

1. AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences - New Delhi, established in 1956.
2. CMC - Christian Medical College - Vellore, Tamilnadu - Started by Ida Scudder, an American Medical Missionary in 1918.
3. JIPMER - Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research - Pondicherry. Started in 1823 as Ecole de Medicine de Pondicherry by the French and upon Indianization, it was initially named as Medical College, Pondicherry and then Danvantri Medical College and finally JIPMER from 13.7.1964.
4. Maulana Azad Medical College - Located at Delhi. It was started as a base unit for treatment of soldiers during WWII.
5. AFMC - Armed Forces Medical College - Pune - Established in 1948 - Admission through UPSC sponsored entrance test by the institution.
6. MMC - Madras Medical College - Chennai - Established in 1835 -The 2nd oldest medical college in India.
7. St. John's Medical College - Bengaluru - Established in 1963 - Privately managed by Catholic Bishop's Conference of India.
8. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal - Established in 1953 by Dr.T.M.A.Pai and now run by TMA Foundation under Manipal University.
9. Stanley Medical College - Chennai - Established in 1938.
10.Grant Medical College - Mumbai - Established in 1845 - attached to the Jamshedji Jeejeebhoy Hospital - one of the oldest institution.
11.Kolkatta Medical College - Kolkatta - The first medical college to be opened in India (and also Asia)for European medicines. It was started as Medical college, Bengal.
At present there are number of medical colleges from the government as well as from private sector. As Health is a state subject, more medical colleges/hospitals are opened by the state governments.

Kolkatta Medical College, Kolkatta in 1835. (However, JIPMER in Puducherry (1.1.1823) precedes this one, but it was opened by the French in their territory (French)).

Seats in medical colleges are filled mostly through entrance tests/counseling on the basis of cut off marks prepared on the basis of +2 marks. Few seats in each medical college is pooled to the central quota, which is filled through All India Medical Entrance Exams. AFMC, Pune and AIIMS, Delhi conducts its own entrance exams.

All India Institute of Speech and Hearing at Mysore. Admission is through entrance examination by the institution.

National Law School of India - a University started in 1987. Admission is through All India level Entrance Exams for graduate and post graduate studies. It is functioning at Bengaluru. Chief Justice of India is the Chancellor of this University.
Besides this, there are number of state government run law colleges throughout each state and admissions are through entrance tests by the respective Bar Councils.

Council of Architecture established under the Architects Act of 1972.

1. The School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi - 1959 - a deemed University.
2. J J School of Architecture, Mumbai
Besides these, there are very many government and private engineering colleges are offering courses on architecture.

Indian School of Business, Hyderabad - Established in 2001.

Indian Institute of Science - Bengaluru - 1909 - Established over a land donated by the Maharaja of Mysore- Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV. It was suggested by Swami Vivekananda to Tata and he inturn organized the starting of this institution from the contribution of Maharaja and by himself.
The institution offers Doctoral, Post Graduate and Graduate programmes in Science in various fields and also nowadays management programmes. The institution has the following alumni - Homi J. Bhabha, Satish Dhawan, Sir C.V.Raman, Raja Ramanna, Vikram Sarabhai, JRD Tata, M. Visweswarayya, C.N.R. Rao, and host of others. Admission is through GATE .

Similar to IISc, IISER - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research have started functioning at Kolkatta, Mohali, Trivandrum, Bhubaneswar and Bhopal on neighbouring institutions until the infrastructure is completed. Offers Masters programmes on all fields of science. Admission to these institutions are through IIT-JEE.

Trivandrum.Started functioning from 14th September 2007 and it is a deemed university. Former President and Renowned Scientist APJ Abdul Kalam is the Chancellor of this University. Admission is through ISAT exams conducted by this University itself.

1. Institute of Chartered Accountants, New Delhi with regional branches.2. Institute of Cost and Works Accounts, Kolkatta with regional branches.3. Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India, Hyderabad.

Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkatta founded by Dr. Mahalanobis in 1931. It has two other institutitons at Bengaluru and Delhi. Admission through entrance tests.

Pune - Film and Television Institute of India, sponsored by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.

INDIAN INSTITUTES OF MANAGEMENT - at:

1.	Kolkatta	West Bengal	IIM-C	1961
2.	Ahmedabad	Gujarat	IIM-A	1961
3.	Bengaluru	Karantaka	IIM-B	1973
4.	Lucknow	Uttar Pradesh	IIM-L	1984
5.	Kozhikode	Kerala	IIM-K	1996
6.	Indore	Madhya Pradesh	IIM-I	1996
7.	Shillong	Meghalaya	IIM-S	2007
8.	Ranchi	Jharkhand	IIM-R	2010
9.	Rohtak	Haryana	IIM-Ro	2010
10.	Raipur	Chhatisgarh	IIM-Rp	2010
11.	Tiruchirapalli	Tamilnadu	IIM-T	2011
12.	Udaipur	Rajasthan	IIM-U	2011
13.	Kashipur	Uttarakhand	IIM-Kpv	2011

Admissions to these institutions are through CAT - Common Admission conducted on All India basis held annually for all the IIMs together and based on the rankings allotments are made to the institutions. IIM, Ahmedabad is a world renowned institutions and students from this institution are spread across the world.

1. T.A.Pai Institute of Management, Manipal.
2. Xaviour Labour Research Institute, Ranchi.
3. SP Jain College of Management, Mumbai.
4. Mudra Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
5. Nirma Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
6. Kirloskar Institute of Management, Harihar.
7. IIPM - Indian Institute of Personnel Management, Kolkatta.
Besides, there are very many colleges, universities, private colleges and through distant educations, management courses are offered.

CIPET - Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Chennai. Established in 1968 and functions under Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.

Technological Institute of Textiles, Bhiwani. Besides this, there are very many engineering colleges/universities are offering this course.

National Institute of Fashion Technology, Delhi - established in 1987, functioning under the Ministry of Textiles. It has its campuses at Mumbai, Kolkatta, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, Chennai and Bengaluru. Admission is through a joint entrance exam for all the campuses. Besides them there a few private institutions offering this course.

National Council for Hotel Management and Catering Technology, functioning under Ministry of Tourism with 24 centres of study throughout India. Admission is through Joint Entrance Examinations. Lot of private institutions are also offering this course across Indian cities.

CFTRI = Central Food Technology and Research Institute, at Mysore. Established in 1950, it is functioning under CSIR, New Delhi. Admission is through entrance test by the institution. Tamilnadu Agricultural University at Coimbatore and a very few private and government institutions are offering these courses named Food Processing Technology.

Dairy Science College, Karnal, Haryana.There are some other institutions also offering this course at Anand (Gujarat), Pusa (Bihar), Raipur (Chhatisgarh) and Udaipur (Rajasthan).

College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam.

Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TN - a deemed university.

1. Indian Institute of Mass Communication, New Delhi 1965. Functions under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
2. National Institute of Advertising, New Delhi.
3. Xavier Institute of Communication, Mumbai.
4. Symbiosis Institute of Mass Communication, Pune.
5. Bhavan's College of Mass Communication at Cochin, Guntur, Hyderabad, Chandigarh, Chennai, Nagpur, Jaipur, Visakhapatnam and Kolkatta.
6. Mudra Institute of Communications, Ahmedabad.
7. National Institute of Event Management, Mumbai.
8. International Institute of Event Management, Mumbai.
9. National Academy of Event Management at Mumbai, Pune, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Baroda, Nagpur, Hyderabad, Kolkatta and Jammu.

CECRI - Central Electro Chemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, TN. Functioning under CSIR, New Delhi, the admission is through entrance test/+2 cut off marks Counselling by Anna University, Chennai.

IIT, Roorkee.

1. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bengaluru.
2. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai.
3. Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.
4. Birla Institute of Fundamental Research, Kolkatta.
5. Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad
Admission is through institutional entrance tests and Joint Entrance Exams.

Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad - Admission through IITJEE exams.

Dehradun, Uttaranchal.

Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun. (There are few other institutions offering this course.)

An engineering subject on drugs and pharmaceuticals industry offered by 1. IITs - Delhi, Mumbai and Kharagpur. 2. BITS - Ranchi 3. AIIMS - Delhi and a number of other institutions.

1. Indian Institute of Gemmology, New Delhi.
2. Indian Diamond Institute, Surat.
3. Gemmological Institute of India, Mumbai
4. Jwellery design and Technology Institute, Noida.

Indian Institute of Foreign Trade established in 1963 at Delhi. Admission is through institutional test called IIFT test.

National Institute of Sports, Patiala, and Bengaluru. The institution is also called Nethaji Subhash National Institute, offering higher and doctoral studies on coaching, sports medicine and sports psychology etc.,

Madras Veterinary College, Chennai affiliated to India's first veterinary university, TANUVAS - Tamilnadu University of Veterinary and Animal Science established in 1989. It was originally established in 1903 in a small building - the Dublin Hall - and later shifted to the present complex. The first college and university to offer bachelors degree in Veterinary Science in India.

There are very many of them across India.The most famous institution among them is the Tamilnadu Agricultural University in Coimbatore. It was originally started as an Agricultural School, at Saidapet, Chennai in 1868 and later shifted to Coimbatore. Offers various courses on Agriculture and Forestry. Admission is through entrance test and +2 cutoff mark based counseling.

1. CAT- Common Admission Tests - For pursuing MBAs in IIMs and passing this test is also essential for private institutions like, Mudra, Nirma, SP Jain, TA Pai and Kirloskar institute of Management studies. (www.catiim.in)
2. XAT - for admission to XLRI and 40 plus other institutions for pursuing MBAs. (www.xat.ascenteducation.com)
3. JMET - Joint Management Entrance Tests : for pursing Ph.D in IITs and IISc. (www.dmsiitd.org/)
4. IIFT Test - For admission to Indian Institute of Foreign Trade.
5. AIIMS Test - For admission to medical course in AIIMS, Delhi.
6. AFMC Test - For admission to medical course in AFMC, Pune.
7. AIMEE Test - For admission to medical colleges throughout the country under Central pool.
8. AIEEE Test - For admission to Engineering colleges through central pool. (www.aiee.nic.in)
9. IITJEE Test - For admission to IITs and Indian School of Mines,Dhanbad
10.CET - Common Entrance Tests - For admission to Engineering colleges in the respective states, wherever such tests are in vogue.
11.ICAR Tests - For admission to various Masters and Doctoral programme in Agricultural and Veterinary Science studies.
12. IITHSEE - Humanities Science Entrance Exam - for doing M.A. in Economics & English Studies at IIT, Madras.(http://hsee.iitm.ac.in)
13. JIPMER - Medical Admission - (www.jipmer.edu)
14. AIPVT- All India Pre Veterinary Test admission to veterinary colleges throughout India. (www.vci.in)
15. AIEEA - All India Entrance Examination for Agriculture - ICAR sponsored - for admission to Agricultural colleges all over India. (www.icar.org.in)
16. NCHMCT - National Council for Hotel Management and Catering Technology admission test. (www.nchmct.org)
17. ISI - Indian Statistical Institute - (www.isical.ac.in)
18. CMI - Chennai Mathematical Institute ( www.cmi.ac.in)
19. CLAT - Common Law Admission Test - for admission to National Law School, Bengaluru. - (www.clat.ac.in)
20. AFMC - Test for admission to medicinal courses in Armed Forces Medical College, Pune - (www.afmc.nic.in)
21. National Institute of Social Defence - (www.nisd.gov.in)
22. MASCOM - Manorama School of Communication, Kerala - for journalism studies - (www.manoramajschool.com)
23. Asian College of Journalism - Chennai - (www.asianmedia.org.in)
24. IIMC - Indian Institute of Mass Communication under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting - Journalism, Public Relations and Advertisement etc., (www.iimc.gov.in)
25. FTII - Film and TV Institute of India, Pune - (www.ftiindia.com)
26. NIFT - National Institute of Fashion Technology (www.niftindia.com)
27. CIFNET - Central Institute of Fisheries, Nautical and Engineering Training, Kochi. (http://cifnet.gov.in)
28. CIPET - Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, (www.cipetindia.com)
29. GATE - Graduate Aptitude Test In Engineering - for admission to Ph.D and Masters programme in IITs and IISc.(www.iitk.ac.in/gate)
30. CMC - Christian Medical College (www.cmcvellore.ac.in).
31. BITSAT - Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani admission test. (www.bitsadmission.com)
32. NET - National Eligibility Test for Junior Research Fellowship - UGC conducted test - (www.ugc.ac.in)
33. NATA - National Aptitude Test in Architecture - for admission to National Institute of Advance Studies in Architecture, Pune. (www.coa.gov.in & www.nata.in)
34. Coimbined Biotechnology Entrance Exam for admission to Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi and other institutions all over India for bio-technology related subjects. ( www.jnu.ac.in)
35. AIPMT - All India Pre-medical/Pre-Dental entrance exam conducted by CBSE for admission to 15% seats in central/state government run institutions (except in Andhra Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir) (www.cbse.nic.in)
36. NID - National Institute of Design - (www.nid.edu)
37. CEED - Common Entrance Exam for Design - for admission to Masters in Design in various institutions. (www.iitb.ac.in)
38. TISS - Tata Institute of Social Sciences - for admission to Social Work and Rural Development related studies (www.tiss.edu)
39. NDA & NAE - National Defence Academy and Naval Academy of Education tests conducted by UPSC (www.nda.nic.in & www.upsc.gov.in)
40. NSD - National School of Drama - for admission to 3 years Diploma in Dramatic Arts. (www.nsd.gov.in)
41. CFTRI - Central Food Technology and Research Institute, Mysore. Entrance Test for admission to various food related higher studies. (www.cftri.com/index.html)
Besides these, there are private institutions like Vellore Institute of Technology and other leading institutions conduct their own entrance exams. Watch out for their advertisement or get through their websites.

GMAT - Graduate Management Aptitude Test - For doing MBAs in US, Canada and other countries. Conducted by ETS - Educational Testing Service.
GRE - Graduate Record Examination - An on line test - Passing this is a pre condition for admission to US Universitites.
TOEFL - Test of English as a Foreign Language : An online test for non-english speaking country students. Passing of this test is a must for admission to US and other countries. Conducted by ETS.
IELTS -International English Language Testing System: Passing of this test is a must for admission to all English speaking country universities.

1. SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIGYAN - Launched in 2000 to ensure 5 years of primary education for all children between 6 to 14 years. In the 2011-12 budget an allocation of 21000 Crores has been made for effective implementation of the programme.
2. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR EDUCATION OF GIRLS AT Elementary LEVEL - To educate specially girls in backward areas and in areas where female literacy is low.
3. KASTURBA GANDHI BALIKA VIDYALAYA - Started from 2004 - 2005 to set up 750 residential schools with boarding facilities for elementary levels for girls, specially from SC/ST communities, backward classes and minorities in remote and difficult areas.
4. PRATHMIK SHIKSHA KOSH - An educational cess of 2% on all direct and indirect taxes imposed from 2004 - 2005 to create a corpus fund for providing elementary education and mid-day meal schemes in the schools.
5. ADULT EDUCATION: Literary campaign through voluntary organizations to make illiterate adults to learn basic education.
6. MID DAY MEAL SCHEME - A scheme of providing mid day meals to the under privileged school children to attract more children to schools and also to arrest school drop outs.
7. JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA - A brainchild of former PM late P.V. Narasimha Rao to offer quality education for talented children from predominantly rural areas with boarding facilities. The first such school was started at Amaravati in Maharashtra in 1985 and now there are nearly 600 schools across India, except in Tamilnadu. The admission is through All India Examinations held at district levels by the CBSE for admission to VI, IX and XI standards.
The most important step taken by the government in recent times is to make education a fundamental right under the constitution Article 21A, which action was upheld by the Supreme Court Bench in April 2012. Under this Act, Private institutions receiving government aid in some form or other should provide 25% seats for under privileged children.

The list is too long. However, few important ones are given below. Besides them the state governments, private charitable institutions are also offering a number of financial aid/scholarship.).(www.scholarshipsinindia.com)
1. Young India Fellowship: Awarded to 50 exceptional students, in collaboration with Pennyslavania School of Engineering as a Residential Programme for pursuing Post Graduate Programmes. (www.youngindiafellowship.com)
2. Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana (KVPY: For scholarships to pursue different streams of education - different categories of scholarships is granted. (www.kvpy.org.in)
3. Ramanujan Fellowships: For outstanding brilliant scientists and Engineers - 5 years research programme - Minimum Ph.D and Masters Engineering and Science are eligible - Rs.50000/- to 60000/- per month plus Rs. 5 Lacs for other works like seminars etc., Sponsored by Dept. of Science and Technology.(www.serc-dst.org/ramanujan_fellowships.html)
4. JC Bose National Fellowships: Sponsored by Government of India for pursuing Ph.D and research work - Rs.20000/- p.m in addition to any other regular income and also Rs. 5 lakhs annually for other related works. (www.serc-dst.org/jcbosefellowship.html)
5. Fast Track Scheme for Young Scientists: Below 35 years of age - for independent research work in newly emerging and frontier areas of science and engineering - Ph.D or Masters are eligible - Rs.20000/- p.m. plus Rs.17 Lakhs funding (www.serc-dst.org)
6. Senior Research Associateship - CSIR - sponsored for different science groups 20 fellowships are awared.(www.csirhrdg.res.in)
7. Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund Scholarships - for doctoral studies. Rs.12000/- p.m. ([email protected])
8. Igenius Scholarship : Sponsored by Max New York Life - More than 1000 scholarships worth Rs. 1 Crore. ( www.igenius.org)
9. Sahu Jain Trust Scholarships: For technical studies scholarship ranging from Rs.150 to 1000/- p.m. and Rs. 1 Lakh for abroad studies. (www.sahujaintrust.timesofIndia.com)
10. Inspire Scholarships: Ministry of Science and Technology Department sponsored for graduate and postgraduate studies known as "Scholarship for High Education - SHE - 10000 scholarships are available. (www.inspire-dst.gov.in)
11.East Tennessee State University - International students Academic Scholarships. (www.etsu.edu)
12. Netherlands Felloship Programme: (www.grandfinder.nl)
13. Beachell-Borlaug International Scholars Program Scholarships - Sponsored by food major Monsanto Co., for Ph.D and research work on rice and wheat. (www.monsanto.com)
14. UNESCO L,Oreal International Fellowships for Young Women - for young women for studies in life sciences. (www.education.nic.in)
15. Huwaei Maitree Scholarship - Scholarship for studies in china. (www.huwaeischolarships.org)
16. Japanese Government Scholarships: for studying in Japan. (www.in.emb-japan.go.jp/ and www.studyjapan.go.jp/en/)
17. A Star India Youth Scholarships: for studies in Singapore selection through test/interview. (www.moe.gov.sg)
18. Rhodes Scholarship: for studies in University of Oxford. (www.rhodesscholarship.india.com)
19. Maitree Global Education Scholarship: For Master Programmes at Polimoda - 3 categories of Scholarships available. (Maitree Global Education)
20. Charles Wallace India Trust Visiting Fellowship: (cwit visiting Fellowship at Craash)
21. International Fellowship Program - WFI - International Fellowship Program for forestry study in USA - (www.worldforestry.org)
22. Research Degree Studentship : To participate in study of Rural sanitation in Orissa(Odisha), India. Sponsored by London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (www.ishtm.ac.uk)
23. Junior Research Fellowship: Sponsored by Department of Biotechnology at Manipal Institute of Technology and Kasturba Medical College, Manipal (Dy.Director, Manipal University, Manipal - 576104).
24. Fellowship for study in Indian Institute of Advance Study, Rashtrapati Niwas, Shimla 171005 - (www.iias.org).
25. Anna Centenary Research Fellowships : 45 Fellowships for Ph.D - Rs.12000/- p.m. + Rs.25000/- contingency grant for three years, for research work on Engineering, Technology, Architecture and Planning, Science and Humanities and Management Sciences.(www.annauniv.edu/research).
26. Teaching and Research Fellowship/Post Doctoral Fellowship - Offered by Delhi Technological University, Delhi. (www.dce.edu)
27. Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology Post Doctoral Fellowship:On Avionics, Physics, Chemistry, Earth and Space Sciences - Rs.40000/- p.m. sponsored by Department of Space Science. (www.iist.ac.in)
28. Maulana Azad National Fellowship: for minority students - UGC sponsored 756 fellowships for doing M.Phil/Ph.D for studies in Science, Engineering and Technology, Humanities and Social Sciences. (www.ugc.ac.in)
29. Fulbright Nehru Fellowships: in the U.S. (www.usief.org.in)
30. Post Doctoral and Doctoral Fellowships : At Central Institute of Classical Tamil, a Ministry of HRD institution. (www.cict.in)
31. University Fellow for Dalit: Sponsored by National Academy for Dalit - One fellowship in each state Rs.2000/- p.m. (nationalacademyfordalit.blogspot.com)
32. Dr.P.C.Pavate Memorial Felloship: for studying in the Centre for International Studies, Department of Politics and International Studies of Cambridge University - to be less than 40 years with Ph.D/Masters.(www.kud.ac.in)
33. New India Foundation Fellowships : Rs.70000/- p.m for writing original books that contribute to the fuller understanding of independent India. (www.newindiafoundation.org).

US - India Educational Fund - established in 1950 by the joint forum called USIEF.

Abul Kalam Azad.

Calcutta University - 1857 (However, Nalanda University precedes all other universities in the world having been founded in the ancient times).

Massachusettes, USA.

Benares Hindu University, Varnasi.

Indira Gandhi National Open University - Established in 1985 under the IGNOU Act 1985. It has a student strength of 35 lakhs.

Lord William Bentick.

1835 Lord William Bentick.

Kulapati K.M.Munshi.

Harvard University.

Delhi University.

Kodaikanal, Tamilnadu.

Kolkatta - 1961.

Kanchipuram and Jabalpur.