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MARTIAL ARTS

Q1. What is Martial Arts?
A form of fighting skills, with or without weapons or other accessories, taught or learnt with the sole aim of self defense.
Q2. What are the various forms of martial arts practiced?
There are about a hundred forms of martial arts or self defense systems practiced all over the world. Of them, most are concentrated in Japan, China and Korea. Most of them are localized within a country or in a particular zone/area of a country and practiced. Only Judo, Taek Won Do and Kung Fu have Olympic participation while Karate has mass following in almost all over the world, and is a just little time away from being included in the Olympics.
Q3. Who founded Judo and What is this sport?
Jigoro Kino of Japan founded this form of martial art in 1862. It is also a form of wrestling and famous in Japan and now practiced all over the world. People who practice this sport are called Judokans. Included in Olympics from 1964 Tokyo Olympics.
Q4. What are the two phases/ positions of Judo?
Tachi Waza - the standing position. Ne Waza - the grounding position.
Q5. How the judo techniques are called and how many of them are there?
The techniques are called Katas. They are:
1. Nage No Kata - Throwing form.
2. Katame No Kata - Grappling form.
3. Kime No Kata - Forms of Decision
4. Kodokan Goshin Jitsu - Self-defense forms.
5. Juno Kata - Forms of gentleness.
6. Itsutsu No Kata - The five forms.
7. Koshiki No kata - Ancient forms.
8. Seiryoku Zen'yo Kokumin Taiku No Kata - Maximum efficiency National Physics Education Kata.
Q6. What are the various grading of Judokans?
(1) White (2) Yellow (3) Orange (4) Green (5) Blue (6) Brown and (7) Black Belts. Such efficiency achievers are called "Dans" with a prefix of Japanese name to it. There are Ten of them: (1) Shodan, (2) Nidan, (3) Sandan, (4) Yodan, (5) Godan, (6) Rokudan, (7) Shichidan, (8) Hachidan, (9) Kudan and (10) Judan the 10th Judan is the highest degree. As of 2006, there are only three in the world to hold 10th Dan Degree - Judan.
Q7. What are the weight classifications for Judokans for competitions?
Men: 60, 66, 73, 81, 90, 100 and 100+ kgs. Women: 48, 52, 57, 63, 70, 78 and 78+ kgs.
Q8. What is the international governing body for Judo?
International Judo Federation - 1951.Headquartered at Lausanne, Switzerland.
Q9. What is an IPPON in Judo?
A full point that wins the match. Pinning down an opponent on the back or force him to submit using a choke or an armlock, resulting in full point.
Q10. What are Waza ARI, Yuko Koka in Judo?
Are the order of points awarded for various other technical win over the other opponents?
Q11. Who is that famous head of state who holds a 6th Dan Degree in Judo?
Vladimir Putin, President (2009 and now in 2012) of Russia.
Q12. Origin of Kung Fu is from?
Shaolin Monastery in China some centuries ago exactly unknown.
Q13. Kung Fu is a ....?
Martial art form having the combination of various other martial arts.
Q14. Ranking in Kung Fu is graded as .....?
Level 1 - Preparatory;  Level 2 - Yellow, Blue, Green, Red, Brown and Black sash. Level 3 - 1 to 10 Dans. In this 5th Dan is national expert, 8th Dan is international master and 10th Dan is Grand Master.
Q15. Which place is considered as the birth place of Karate?
Okhinawa, Japan, although it is believed to be  from China.
Q16. Who is known as the father of modern day of Karate?
Anko Itosu of Japan.
Q17. What is Karate?
Karate means empty hand. A martial art form believed to have originated from China. But the art form developed and spread across borders by the practice and development from Okhinawa region of Japan.
Q18. What are the related terms in Karate?

KIHON: Basics or fundamentals.
KATA: Forms or patterns of movements and techniques that demonstrate physical contact principles.
KOKORO: Attitude towards sport.
KOBUDO: Weapon training in Karate.
KUMITE: meaning "sparring" (practicing with another fighter) - it is meeting of hands. There are a number of this method in practice of karate.
DOJOKUN: Guidelines to be followed by Karatekas.
Q19. How the gradations in Karate are called?
Gradations are called Kyu. There are eight grades and one title. 8th Kyu - Red Belt 7th Kyu - Yellow Belt 6th Kyu - Orange Belt 5th Kyu - Green Belt 4th Kyu - Blue Belt 3th Kyu - Purple Belt 2nd Kyu - Brown Belt 1st Kyu -Brown with Golden tags Dan - Black Belt.
Q20. Who is responsible for spreading Karate to every corner of the world?
Bruce Lee through his films.
Q21. What does Tae Kwon Do means?
Although there are different meanings, the most acceptable one is "the way of the foot and fist" or "the way of kicking and punching". Literally "Tae Kwon Do" means, Tae - kick with feet; Kwon - Punching or attacking with hand and Do - way or method; an empty hand combat.
Q22. Where from Tae Kwon Do originated and developed during which dynasty rule?
Korea. This form of martial art developed during the Silla Dynasty rule who ruled a small region of the present day of Korea.
Q23. Who is considered as the father of the modern day Tae Kwon Do?
Genl. Choi Hong Hi of South Korea.
Q24. When from the modern day Tae Kwon Do took birth and received international recognition?
A.April 11, 1955.
Q25. When from Tae Kwon Do came into Olympics?
2000 Sydney Olympics.
Q26. What are the styles followed in Tae Kwon Do?
1. Kukkiwon - the one approved by Olympics and world Tae Kwon Do Federation. 2. There is one more style followed by International Tae Kwon Do Federation, not approved by IOC. 3. The third style is Sonagahm considered to be the traditional style mostly followed in Korea.
Q27. What is the name for the uniforms worn by Tae Kwon Do fighters?
Dobok.
Q28. What are the patterns and training practice and gradation in Tae Kwon Do?
Chang Hon Hyeong and Pumsae are the terms for the patterns in Tae Kwon Do. Practicioners separted into two sections as students and instructors. Student level consists of 10 belts from white to red with black stripes. Students are called Geup. Instructors level consists of 9 ranks called Dan also referred to as Black Belts or Degrees.
Q29. What is the minimum age required to obtain Black Belt in Tae Kwon Do?
Sixteen.
Q30. What are the stances, kicks and blocks in Tae Kwon Do?

STANCES : Attention, closed, walking, back, Parallel, Rear foot, sitting and fighting stances
KICK: Front, side, round horse, reverse turning, reverse side, hook, axe, crescent , spin, jump and fast kicks.
BLOCKS: Single fore arm, low, high, palm, knife hand, double forearm, double knife hand and nine blocks.
Q31. How the Tae Kwon Do martial art schools in Korea are called?
Kwan.
Q32. Which part of the body is considered as very important in the practice of Tae Kwon Do?
Legs because reach and the power it can generate when formally and well trained to use them in different styles.
Q33. Who became the youngest to get "Black Belt" in Tae Kwon Do in Asia?
Jakiran Kanwar - at the age of 8 - incidentally, he is the grandson of Mr. Omkar Kanwar, MD, Apollo tyres. (an exceptional achievement considering the minimum age requirement.
Q34. What is the famous martial art form of Kerala?
Kalaripayattu: Practiced in Kerala. Believed to have been developed by "Parasurama" of the epic age (Mahabharata). A martial art which includes weapon training..
Q35. What are the steps of Kalaripayattu training?

MEITHARI : Basics and physical training.
KOLTHARI : Training with Bamboo/wooden sticks.
ANKATHARI: Training with metal weapons, like sword and shield.
VERUMKAI: Meaning bare hands techniques.
MARMA KALAI: Attacking the pressure points.
Q36. What is Marmakalai in detail?
It is a martial art form of attacking the various pressure points in the body.There are about 107 pressure points in the body classified as:
MAASA MARMA: skin and muscles;
ASTHI MARMA: Bones;
SNAYU MARMA: Nerves;
DHAMANI MARMA; Arteries;
SANDHI MARMA: Joints; and
SHIRA MARMA : Veins.
Of the 107 pressure points, 64 are considered as lethal and any attack on these points will result in serious disabilities or even death of the person. Hence the practice remains only for knowledge and not for actual practice.
Q37. What is Silambattam - a martial art?
A martial art form very popular in Tamil Nadu and practiced with Bamboo staff (sticks)
Q38. Muay Thai is a martial art from ....?
Thailand.
Q39. What is the martial art developed by African Slaves, which has a strong aerobatic component and accompaniment of music?
Capoeira developed by Afro-Brazilian slaves. Thus it is practiced mostly in Brazil.
Q40. Mention a few other martial art practiced by various countries?

Australia - Zen Do Kai;
Cambodia - Bokator, Pradal Serey;
France - Okichitaw; Canne de Combat, Kinomichi, Savate;
Greece - Pankration;
Iceland - Glima;
Indonesia - Pascak Silat;
Iran - Varzesh-e-Pehalwani;
Korea - Taek Wondo, Tang Soodoo;
Nigeria - Dambe;
Philippines - Kick Boxing, Sikaran, Yawyan
Portugal - Jogo do pass;
Russia - Samba, fist fight, Systema;
Switzerland - Schwingen;
Turkey - Yaghi Gures; UK - Batistu;
US - Chun Kuk Do, Jeet Kune Do, Kajukenbo
Uzbekistan - Kurash;
Vietnam - Vovinam.
Q41. What is the martial art developed by Israeli security system?
Karv Maga - A self defence and hand to hand combat system.
Q42. What is the martial art developed by the legend Bruce Lee?
Jeet Kune Do - Meaning "way of the intercepting fist".
Q43. What is the martial art form practiced by the Kshatriya class of Orissa?
Paikha Akhada.
Q44. Which form of martial art is most followed in the world?
Tae Kwan Do - 188 countries with 70 million practitioners.
Q45. What is the highest efficiency award in Judo?
Shihan.