It is a mixed gaseous and water vapour envelope that surrounds the celestial body upto 480 Kms.

Nitrogen 78.09%.

It controls the temperature on Earth. Protects the living organisms from the Ultraviolet rays.

Upto 960 Kms above the Earth.

Six multiplied by ten to the power of 15 is the approximate weight of air in the atmosphere.

Nitrogen 78.09%

Oxygen 20.95%

Argon 0.93%

Others 0.03%.

Others include Carbon-di-oxide, Hydrogen, Neon, Helium, Methane, Xenon and Krypton.

Atomic Oxygen, Ozone, Helium and Hydrogen.

Weight of the entire air column over a given point.

1.3 Grams.

Humidity.

Around 1033.6 gms per cm squire.

 

SPHERES:

1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Ionosphere
5. Thermosphere
6. Exosphere and
7. Magnetosphere.

 

   PAUSES: 

1. Tropopause
2. Mesopause and
3. Magnetopause.
      

Atmosphere nearest to the earth's surface and its extant is 15 Kms in altitude from the sea level.

Water Vapour, Moisture and Dust particles.

Temperature decreases as the altitude of troposphere increases.

15 to 50 Kms above sea level.

Univorm.

Water vapour, moisture and dust particles.

The layer that separates or remain between Troposphere and Stratosphere.

Mesosphere.

The layer of atmosphere beyond 50 and below 85 Kms above sea level.

Very cold.

Extremely dry and traces of water vapour present during summer months.

The atmosphere lying between 80 to 400 Kms above sea level.

Ionised air - electrically charged air.

1. It protects the earth from falling meteorites as they get burnt out here.
2. Protects the earth from radiation reaching the earth.

Layer of atmosphere separating Mesosphere and Ionosphere.

Middle layer of Ionosphere.

Uppermost region of the Ionosphere. It is the outer limits of the atmosphere. Gravity of the Earth is very weak here.

The magnetic belt of the Earth extending upto 64000 Kms above sea level.

The final bounday between Earth and the outer space.

1.Troposphere

2.Tropopause

3.Stratosphere

4.Mesosphere

5.Mesopause

6.Ionosphere includes Thermosphere in the middle

7.Exosphere - the upper most layer of Ionosphere

8.Magnetosphere     and

9.Magnetopause. Beyond this it becomes outer space.

The Stratosphere is called so - 15 to 50 Kms above sea level because it contains Ozone gas.

Protects the manking from harmful radiation called Ultraviolet by absorption.

Chloro Fluoro Hydrocarbons -CFC.

1. Air Conditioners
2. Refrigerators
3. Aerosols
4. Solvents
5. Production of certain packaging materials
6. Nitrous Oxide Fertilisers  (and)  
7. Aircraft emissions.

A suspension of colloidal particles in gas.

Skin Cancer, Severe sunburns and damages on vegetation.

The process by which an atmosphere warms a planet. Carbon-di-oxide is the cause of this.

100 Kms.

Total Suspended Particulate Matter. A method of assessing the level of pollution in the air, that is, the amount of TSPM in a particular place, more or less of the permissible limit.

It consists of a Coma made up of hot gas and dust. It is small in size. From the head flows a tail consisting streams of dust and gas.

About one lakh.

Edmund Hailey, UK.

75/76 years.

1986

2062 (anytime from July 2061)

Comet Smith Tuttle - Around August 17, 2116.

It was first sighted in 1862 and rediscovered in September 1992. It is made up of ice and rock.

May cause an impact of 1.6 million times the force of Hiroshima Atomic Bomb (nearly 20 million megatons)

Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker and David Levy in 1993.

10 Kms in length and weighs about 500 million tons.

Jupiter - between 16th to 21st July 1994.

Broke into 21 pieces and entered into Jupiter.

Crommelin.

Comet Mc.Naught discovered on 7.8.2006 called as Great Comet 2007.

1. Hailey - 1986-86; 2. D'Arrest - 1986; 3. Encke - 1987; 4. Borelly 1987; 5. Ponns Winnecke - 1988; 6.Finlay - 1988; 7. Faye - 1990 and 8. Smith Tuttle in 1994.

Great Comet - The tail of this comet is 330 million Kms long.

When the light of the Sun or Moon is obscured by one another, it is called so.

Solar and Lunar.

Eclipse of the Moon. It occurs when the Earth comes between the Moon and the Sun. The shadow cast on the Earth by the Moon is called the Lunar Eclipse. It occurs only on a Full Moon Day.

Because the Moon is not in the same position in relation to the Earth and the Sun on every full moon day.

When the Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth it is called so.

New Moon Day. It may be partial or full eclipse.

7mts and .8 seconds on 20.6.1955

Due to the inclination of Moon's orbit.

It is when the Sun and the Moon are exactly in line, but the apparent size of the Moon is smaller than that of Sun.

1. 3031 BC Ancient city of Dwaraka destroyed.
2. 1914 - World War I
3. 1939 - World War II
4. 2009 - On July 22 and August 6th, with two lunar eclipses within 30 days. A rare occurrence.

This millenium's longest annular solar eclipse occurred on January 15,2010A. This millenium's longest annular solar eclipse occurred on January 15,2010 and was visible in the southern districts of Tamilnadu. It lasted for 11 minutes and 7.8 seconds. This record is likely to lass till December 3043.

TOTAL ECLIPSE: Occurs when the Sun is completely obscured by the Moon, in that in its fullness, much fainter corona alone will be visible.
ANNULAR ECLIPSE: Occurs when the Sun and Moon are exactly in line, but the apparent size of the Moon is smaller than that of the Sun.
HYBRID ECLIPSE: Also called annular/total eclipse, transitions between a total and annular eclipse. At some points on the surface of the Earth it is visible as a total eclipse, whereas at others it is annular. Hybrid eclipses are comparatively rare.
PARTIAL ECLIPSE: Occurs when the Sun and Moon are not exactly in line and the Moon only partially obscures the Sun. This phenomenon can usually be seen from a large part of the Earth outside of the track of an annular/total eclipse. However, some eclipses can only be seen as a partial eclipse, because the umbra never intersects the Earth's surface, passing above the Earth's polar regions.