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PALAS : 760 -1142 AD

Q1. Who was the founder of the PALA dynasty and which region they were ruling?
Gopala - ruled whole of Bengal between 750 to 770 CE.
Q2. Who succeeded Gopala and what are his territorial and other achievements?
DHARMAPALA - son of Gopala - ruled from 770 to 810 AD. His empire had almost the entire north India under his control. He extended his kingdom from Bengal to Bihar on the east and had control over Kanauj, Punjab, Rajputana, Malwa and Berar. However, he had some set backs from Rashtrakuta king Dhruva and Pratihara's Nagabhatta II to whom he lost the hold on Kanauj. He, however, ruled for a long period. He assumed the title of " UTTARAPATHASVAMIN". He was succeeded by his son Devapal
Q3. Who was the next Pala ruler after Dharmapala?
DEVAPALA - He ruled from 810 to 850 AD. He not only inherited a huge kingdom but also made some inroads into the Southern regions adjoining the Bay of Bengal. He had extensive conquests from Himalayas to the Vindhyas and from Eastern to the western oceans. He was a great patron of Buddhism and even donated five villages in order to endow a monastery at Nalanda at the request of Java ruler Balaputradev. Thus his fame spread to many other Buddhist countries as well. Nalanda University was founded in the third quarter of the 9th century (860 AD).
Q4. Who was the famous Buddhist poet at the court of Devapala and what was his literary contribution?
VAJRADUTTA - and his contribution was "Lokesvarasataka".
Q5. Who were the other Pala rulers to follow Devapala?

VIGRAHAPALA - Ruled for three/four years and abdicated the throne in favour of his son.

NARAYANPALA - He had a long reign but faced defeat by Rashtrakuta ruler Amoghavarsha, and also some portions of Bengal to the Pratiharas.However, he managed to recover the lost region, as the Pratiharas were weakened by the Rashtrakutas invasions.

RAJYAPALA followed by GOPALA II - During the tenure of these two,the Palas were weakened by series of invasions by Chandellas and Kalachuris of Tripur.

MAHIPALA : During his tenure he redeemed some of the lost territories,had to face an invasion by Chola ruler Rajendra Chola, but did not loss out on his powers and territory. He had complete control over Bengal.

Q6. Who was the last ruler of the Pala dynasty?
Madana Pala.