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JUDAISM

Q1. What is Judaism?
A religion followed by the people of Israel. It is a branch of Christianity, as they follow the Hebrew version of the bible known as Tanakh.
Q2. Who is considered as the founder of Judaism?
Moses. The followers of Judaism are called Jews. It was founded around 1300 BC.
Q3. What is the sacred/Holy book of Judaism?
TANAKH. Also known as Hebrew Bible. It is a combination of three texts. Viz, Torah - 5 books; Nevim - 8 books; Ketuvim - 11 books.Thus, Tanakh consists of 24 books, in 3 texts of these three Torah is considered as the law of the Jewish people. These collective Jewish religious law is called Halakah.
Q4. What is the most holy place of Jews?
Jerusalem.
Q5. How the place of worship of Jews are called?
Synogogue.
Q6. What is the background in the birth of Judaism?
It is believed that Jacob was sent to Egypt by God with his children. After generation they became slaves under Pharohs (Kings) in Egypt. At this time, God sent Moses to redeem the people from slavery. After exodus from Egypt, Moses and his people were directed by the God to settle around Mount Sinai and gave them Torah as the guiding texts. Aaron, brother of Moses was designated as the priestly class to the Israelites. Thus, Jacob is considered as the father of all Israelis and later came to known as Israel and Moses.
Q7. What are the two basic denominations in Judaism?
Orthodox and Haredi. In this, the Orthodox sect considers Torah as the ultimate laws of the Jews as it was directly revealed to Moses. These Orthodex Jews consider Shulkhan Arukh as the definitive codified law (of Torah) as the final authority on religious practice. The Haredis, believe and practice all the three texts to Tanakh. They are also called the "Traditional Orthodox" Jews/Judaism.
Q8. What is "Hasidic Judaism"?
A branch of Judaism which believed in the teaching of Rabbi Israel Ben Eleizer. They consider Kabbalah as the sacred scripture. They differ by dress and practices and consider Rebbe as their religious leader. (Besides them, there are some more minor group in Judaism)
Q9. What is Talmud, a Jewish scripture?
A record of discussion, pertaining to Jewish law, Ethics, customs and history, in two books called Mishnah and Gemara. In this Mishnah is a book on legal opinion and debates.
Q10. What are the various terminologies (religion based) in Judaism?
AMIDAH: Central prayer Jewish liturgy that Jews recite every morning afternoon and evening.
BRIT NILAH : Welcoming male babies into the covenant through the rite of circumcision on their eighth day of life.
BETH DIN . A rabbinical court.
BALL KRIYAH : Master of reading the weekly Torah portion.
CHAZZAN : A trained vocalist, with good voice, knowledge of traditional tunes, understands the meaning of the prayers and recite them.
DAYAN: Judge - Expert in Jewish law - Heads a rabbinical court in the matter of monetary disputes, divorce, etc.
GET : Document of Divorce in Judaism.
HAZZAN : A jewish musician trained in the vocal arts who helps to lead the synogogus in songful prayers.
HANUKKAH: Also known as "Festival of Lights" of deduction. It is an eight day festival commencing on the 25th day of Kislev month of Hebrew calendar. People start lighting one candle per/each night. i.e., on the last day it will be eight candles.
KOHEN: Priest - performing all religious duties.
KITTEL: A white kneelength betted overgarment, resembling a lab overcoat, as in worn by Christian priests.
KIPPAH: A thin, a slightly rounded skull cap worn by observant jews.
KASHRUT or KOSHER: The name of Jewish dietary laws. A circled U - (U), accompanied by "Pareeve" indicates that the particular food product contains neither milk nor meat derived ingredients.
LEVI: Priest - next in command to Kohen.
MOHEL: A Jewish ritual circumciser.
MENORAH: A seven branched Candelabrum, lit by olive oil in the Tabernacle and the temple in Jerusalem.
MIKVAH : A specially constructed pool of water used for total immersion in a purification ceremony within Judaism.
MITZVAH: A religious command.
MINYAN: A traditional chorun of ten or more adult Jews for the purpose of communal Jewish services, which is usually held in synagogues.
NIDDAH: A law regulating the relationship between a man and a woman.
PULPIT: A small elevated platform where a member of the clergy stands in order to read.
PURIM: A joyous festival. It is the day of deliverance of Persian Jews from the plot of the evil Hamanto exterminate them. Recital of book of Esther, exchange of mutual gifts, charity and a celebrity meal. Alcohol, fancy dress, masks, and huge parties mark the day.
PASS OVER/PESACH: A weeklong festival for the birth of independent children of the nation, free from the slavery of the ancestors at the hands of the Paraohs of Egypt.
PIYYUT: Jewish liturgical poem usually to be sung, chanted or recited during religious services.
RABBI: Jewish scholar who is incharge of answering and clarifying legal aspects of congregations.
ROSHYESHIVA: Head of the teaching religions institution - the Yeshiva.
SHOFAR: A horn, blown 101 times, to bring in the New Year of the Jews.
SHALIACH TZIBUR / SHATZ: leads those assembled in prayer and prays on behalf of the community.
SUKKOT: Celebration commemorating the wandering of the children through the deserts during exodus. They create Sukkahs - temporary shelters - decorate them with vegetation, fruits, etc. The roof made of pine tree leaves and stay in the huts for 7 days and nights.
SHAVOUT: Anniversary celebration of the revelation of the Torah to the Israeli on Mount Sinai.
SHULKHAN ARUKH : Largely determination Jewish religious practice uptodate.
SHABBAT: A weekly day of rest in Judaism.
SHEMA: Morning and evening prayer.
TALLITT: a Jewish prayer shawl.
TEFFILIN & PHYACTERIES : Are two boxes containing portions of Torah.
TZITZIT: Fringes or tassles found on a Tallitt.
YOM TOV: Jewish holiday or festival day.
YOM KIPPUR: It is a "Day of Atonement", of fasting for sins committed. It is an important Jewish holiday. It is both a solemn day on self scrutiny and a celebratory day as Jews reflect on God's mercy.
YASHIVA: An institution for study of religious texts such as Torah, Talmud.
ZEVED HABAT : Naming ceremony.
Q11. How a Jewish New Year Day is called?
Rosh Hashanah: Thought it is called the New year, it actually falls on the first day of the seventh month of the Hebrew Calendar, Tishri. It is celebrated for 10 days and a unique practice during these days is to seek the pardon from every one, whom one has wronged and the aggrieved should forgive.
Q12. What is the name of Jewish court?
Beth Din.
Q13. How the Jewish Hebrew calendar is called?
Tishri.
Q14. How a Jewish judge is called?
Dayan
Q15. What is the "Document of Divorce" is called?
Get.
Q16. How a Jewish priest is called?
Kohen.
Q17. What is Jewish law that regulates the relationship between a man and woman?
Niddah.
Q18. How the arrival of Jewish New Year "Rosh Hasanah" is indicated or welcomed?
By the blowing of Shofar, a horn, 101 times.
Q19. How a Jewish scholar is called?
Rabbi.
Q20. What is the name of Jewish religious institution?
Yeshiva.
Q21. How the naming ceremony of Jewish is called?
Zeved Habat.
Q22. Which place was once a major settlement of Jews in India?
Mattancherry in Kerala.
Q23. Which is the holiest site of the Jews?
Western Wall, Jerusalem old city.
Q24. Where is the world's biggest synagogue?
Temple Emanuel - New York, 3523 SQ.meters.
Q25. Where is the oldest/first synagogue located in India?
Mattancherry, Kerala - Pardesi Snyagogue.