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SIKHISM

Q1. Who founded Sikhism?
Guru Nanak in the 15th century (1500 AD to be precise).
Q2. Give a brief about Gurunanak?
Period: 5.11.1469 (Birth) to 07.09.1539 (Death). Born at Talwandi, Nankana Sahib, Punjab (now in Pakistan). Mehta Kalu and Tripta Devi are his parents. Sulakhni was his wife.
Q3. Life history of Gurunanak is recorded in .......?
"Janamsikhis" - a book by Bhai Bala.
Q4. What are the holy books of Sikhism?
GURU GRANTH SAHIB : Collection of the philosophical thoughts of various gurus and other religious saints. Completed during Guru Gobind Singh's period - contains 1430 pages.
ADIGRANTH : The presently followed holy text. Compilation of the teachings of Guru Arjan Dev the 5th Guru in 1604. Contains 1948 pages. There are 5000 shabhads (hymns) set in musical Ragas.
Q5. What is the language in which the original text of the holy texts of Sikhism was written?
Gurumukhi.
Q6. How the worshipping places of the Sikhs are called?
Gurdwaras.
Q7. What is "Mul Mantra" of Sikhism?
The most important composition of Guru Granth Sahib.
Q8. What does "Gurbani" mean in Sikhism?
"The word of God". Here, Bani refers to the various sections of the holy texts.
Q9. What are the various "Banis" (holy texts sections) to be recited by a sikh?
MORNING : Japji Sahib (the opening chapter) Anand sahib, Benti Chapai, and Amrit Savaiye.
EVENING : Rehras Sahib, So Dar, Sopurakh
NIGHT : (before bed) Kirtan Sohila.
Q10. Who are the ten Sikh Gurus?
GURUJI'S NAMELIFETIME .
(1) Guru Nanak Dev -15.4.1469-22-9-1539
(2) Guru Angad Dev -31.3.1954-28.3.1552
(3) Guru Amar Das -5.4.1479-1.9.1574
(4) Guru Ram Das -1534-1581
(5) Guru Arjan Dev -15.4.1563-30.5.1606
(6) Guru Har Gobind -19.6.1595-2.3.1644
(7) Guru Har Rai -26.2.1630-6.10.1661
(8) Guru Har Kishan -23.7.1656-30.3.1664
(9) Guru Tegh Bahadur -1.4.1621-11.11.1675
(10) Guru Gobind Singh -22.12.1666-7.10.1708
Q11. Who was the youngest of the gurus?
Guru Har Rai, the 7th
Q12. Who are the two sikh Gurus, who were killed by the Mughal rulers for religious / other reasons?
(1) Guru Arjan Dev, the 5th Guru, was killed by Jehangir, around 1604 for refusing to make some changes in the Guru Granth, and for other religious reasons.
(2) Guru Tegh Bahadur, the 9th guru, was executed by Auranga Zeb for supporting and protecting Hindus and Kashmiri Pundits (who were forced to convert to Islam).
Q13. Who was that famous religious ascetic and military leader of the Sikhs who was killed by a Mughal General for refusing to convert to Islam?
Banda Bahadur.
Q14. Sikhism follows which calendar?
Hindu Calendar.
Q15. What is the New year of Sikhs?
Vaisakhi - 13th/14th April - Beginning of the practice of baptism in 1699 by Guru Gobind Singh called the Khalsa.
Q16. How the religious congregation of Sikhs is called?
Sangat.
Q17. Guru Gobind Singh ordered that every baptized Sikh should be in possession of five 'K's. What are they?
(1) Kesh - Uncut hair (2) Kanga - Wooden comb (3) Kara - Iron Bracelet (Hand wear) (4) Kachchera - Specially designed cotton underwear (5) Kirpan - Strapped sword.
Q18. What are the various frequently used terminologies in Sikhism?
AKAL TAKHT : The highest political institution of Sikhs - supreme decision making centre.
Akal Purakh: A term referring to God meaning a "timeless being that never dies".
ARDAS : A Sikh prayer that is done before performing or after undertaking any signification task. Also said after or before eating.
ANAND KARAJ : Sikh marriage ceremony introduced by Guru Amar Das (3rd).
AKHAND PATH : Non stop rearing or reciting of Guru Granth Sahib.
DASAM GRANTH: A warfare scripture in Sikhism.
DAASTAR: Turban (Headgear) worn by Sikhs.
GURMAT : An order passed by "Sarbat Khalsa" - on the fundamental principles of Sikhs. It is binding on all Sikhs.
GURU PURABS : Celebrations of the birthday of Gurus and such martyrs.
GUTKAS : Small books containing sections of Gurbani in few pages for daily reading.
HARMANDIR SAHIB : The Golden Temple, Amristar.
HOLY MOHALLA : The next day of Holy festival. An assembly at Anandpur where the Sikhs exhibit their fighting skills.
HUKUM NAMAH : A hymn from the Guru Granth Sahib, which is given as an order to all Sikhs.
KHALSA : Is the name given to Sikhs who have been baptized or initiated, by taking Amrit in the ceremony called Amrit Sanchar. It was formed by Guru Gobind Singh.
KHALSA PANTH : The religious organization that manages the affair of Khalsa.
KIRAT KARNI : Leading one's life in accordance with the teachings of Gurus.
KIRTAN : Spiritual hymn singing.
MANJI: A system of clerical supervision (like the "Diverce in Christianity)
MISL: A military confederatin army of different Sikh Kingdoms (Medieval period terms)
NAAM JAPNA: Meditation on God's name and the recital of the holy scriptures.
PAATH: Reading or reciting of religious texts.
PANJ PYARAS : Armed guards instituted by the 10th Guru Gobind Singh.
PRABHAT PHERIS : A festive procession of the Sikhs on the birthday of Gurunanak.
SADH SANGHAT : Company of the enlightened.
SARBAT KHALSA : a gathering of the representatives of the Khalsa Panth. A powerful body of Sikhism.
SHIROMANI GURUDWARA PRABANDHAK COMMITTEE: An organization for the up keep of the Gurudwaras.
SHIROMANI AKALI DAL : Political party of Sikhs - Punjab, India.
SIKH REHT MARYADA : Sikh code of conduct.
SAT SRI AKAL : A formal greetings in the name of god.
SENA: Undertaking free voluntary service at any place.
WAHEGURU: A term to refer to the infinite creator - God. In literally means the "Wonderful God".
Q19. What is the practice of naming a child, in Sikhism?
Upon a child's birth, the Guru Grant Sahib is opened at random point, and the child is named using the first letter on the top left hand corner of the left page.
Q20. What is "Langar" in Sikhism?
It is a common kitchen, established to feed the pilgrims and on all occasions of emergencies like flood, earthquakes or for any mass gathering for any reason.The practice was established by Guru Amar Das.
Q21. What is the most famous Holy or worshipping place of the Sikhs?
HARMANDIR SAHIB : Also called the "Golden Temple" at Amristar in Punjab. The foundation was laid by Hazrat Mian Mir, the Sufi Saint of Lahore. It was completed in 1601 during the 5th Guru Arjan Dev. Ahmad Shah Abdali, an Afghan king destroyed it completely. It was rebuilt in the 1760, with the major contributions of Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Punjab. (The king was also known as Sher-e-Punjab, Lion of Punjab) The holy pond/tank is called Amrit Sarovar. Covering of the head and washing of the legs is compulsory to enter the Gurdwara sanctum.
Q22. What is unusual or special about the Rikabganj Gurdwara?
Its name. It is named after horse stirrups, as the place at which the Gurdwara is built, was a market place for horse accessories and Rikabh - the stirrup - was available in abundance. It was built by Lucky Banjara.
Q23. Some time in late 20th century, couple of incidents happened around Golden temple. What are they?
(1) OPERATION BLUE STAR : 03.06.1984. A military operation was carried out to capture Jarnail Singh Bindranwale and the militants holed out there, in demand for a separate state/country of Khalistan.
(2) OPERATION OF BLACK THUNDER : 1988 - Acquisition of lands surrounding the temple to create a security belt. On public protest, it was abandoned. In 1993 it was revived and the places were acquired and converted into serene atmosphere and gardens. The first incident was the cause for another incident of killing of Smt.Indira Gandhi, PM of India by her own Sikh bodyguards, as she was the PM to order that operation.
Q24. Who founded the city of Amritsar?
Guru Ram Das.
Q25. What is the name of the city founded by first Sikh Guru, Gurunanak?
Kartarpur.
Q26. Who is the first guru of Sikhs?
Guru Nanak Dev
Q27. Who is the last guru of Sikhs?
Guru Gobind Singh.
Q28. How the Sikh marriage is called?
Anand Karaj.
Q29. Non stop reading the Holy script "Guru Granth Sahib" is called?
Akhand Path
Q30. What is the warfare scripture of Sikhism?
Dasam Granth.
Q31. How the turban of Sikhs is called in Punjabi?
Daastaar.
Q32. The festival procession of Guru Nanak's birth day is called?
Prabhat Pheris.
Q33. What is the sikh code of conduct?
Reht Maryada.
Q34. What is the formal way of greeting by Sikhs ?
Sat Sri Akal.
Q35. What does "Wahe Guru" mean?
Wonderful God.
Q36. Which Afghan king destroyed the "Harmandir Sahib/Golden Temple", Amritsar ?
Ahmed Shah Abdali.
Q37. When was the "Golden Temple" rebuilt and with whose help?
In 1760 with the help of Ranjit Singh, King.
Q38. Who is known as "Sher-e-Punjab"?
Maharaja Ranjit Singhji.
Q39. What is the name of the pond in the Golden Temple?
Amrit Sarovar.
Q40. What are the various Sikh festivals?
Diwali, Guruparb, Vaisakhi, Hola Mohalla.
Q41. How is Diwali celebrated by the Sikhs?
The day of laying foundation stone for the Golden Temple at Amritsar.
Q42. What is Guru Purab in Sikhism ?
Celebration of the birthdays of the 10 Sikh gurus.
Q43. What is Vaisakhi a day of celebration of Punjabis?
Punjabi New Year, and the beginning of harvest season falling on the 1st day of Vaisakha month of Hindu calendar.
Q44. What is Holy Mohalla, for Punjabis?
The next day of the holy festival. An assembly at Anandpur where the Sikhs exhibit their fighting skills, and dare devitry. Held on the banks of river Charan Ganga and in front of Goddess Naina Devi temple. It is a recognized national festival.
Q45. Which Sikh Guru's four sons were bricked alive in a wall?
Guru Gobind Singh.
Q46. What is the official calendar of Sikhs ?
Nanakshahi calendar.
Q47. What is the name for the religious robe of Sikhs?
Siri Pao - is the name for robe - the highest religious honor.
Q48. Bandhi Chor is a celebration of Sikhs on the following day of Diwali. What is its importance?
It marks the return of 6th Guru Hargobind to the holy city Amritsar after his release from detention. .........
Q49. At which sacred place was the first Khalsa initiated by Guru Gobind Singh on Vaisakhi Day in 1699?
Takht Sri Darbar Sahib Kesgarh Sahib.
Q50. Who is called a "Khalsa" in Sikhism?
Is the one who gives his entire body, mind and belongings to the service of Almighty.
Q51. Who initiated the "Khalsa" movement in Sikhism?
10th Guru Gobind Singh and is celebrated on the 14th April every year.