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TUGHLAQ DYNASTY 1320 - 1415 AD

Q1. Who was the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty? How long he was in power and what were his conquests?

GHIYAZUDDIN (earlier Ghazi Malik) TUGHLAQ.He remained in power from 1320 to 1325.In 1323, he captured Warangal and also Bengal and brought then under Delhi Sultanate control.

Q2. How did Ghiyazuddin Tughlaq die?
He died of an accident occurred by the sudden collapse of a pavilion erected to celebrate his successful return to Delhi. Along with him, his younger son also died. The celebration arrangment were made by his elder son Ulugh Khan. Ghiyazuddin Tughlaq was the founder of Tughlaqabad, the third city of Delhi.
Q3. Who succeeded Ghiyazuddin Tughlaq?

ULUGH KHAN - later to be known as Mohammad Bin Tughlaq - He ruled from 1325 to 1351 - 26 years.

Q4. What were the conquests, administrative reforms and errors etc.,?
Mohammad Bin Tughlaq was the most literate person among his dynasty. He successfully thwarted the efforts of the Mongols invasion and also dealt with severely against one of the governors - Gurshasp - his own cousin, from Sagar, who rebelled against him in 1326-27. Md.Bin Tughlaq executed him. He shifted his capital to Daulatabad from Delhi. However, there were some resistance to the shift of the capital. But Md.Bin Tughlaq enforced the shift leading to number of deaths. Due to lack of certain other conveniences, he had to shift his capital to Delhi. However, both the capitals flourished individually in the later days. In and around 1329-1330, he introduced copper/bronze coin currency in lieu of Gold coins, to improve the gold storage. Foreign merchants refused to accept it in lieu of gold coins. Thus the scheme failed and heaps of bronze coins accumulated without use. In the later years of his tenure from 1336 to 1347, rebels from Malabar Sayyid Ahsan Shah forced him to march there but many of his officers died at Bidar and Md. Bin Tughlaq fell ill and went back to Daulatabad. Ahsan Shah from Madurai rebelled against him and founded his own Sultanate at Madurai. Vijayanagar Kingdom founded in 1336 redeemed Warangal and Kampili in Andhra Pradesh. Eastern and Western Bengal got liberated from the Sultanate. In 1347, Bahmani Kingdom was founded by Hasan Gangu. Thus the Delhi Sultanate's empire started crumbling. In the meantime, he concentrated pursuing the most elusive rebel Taghi (an officer) towards Gujarat/Thatta in Sind and died in 1351 due to illness.
Q5. Who succeeded Mohammad Bin Tughlaq?

FIRUZ SHAH TUGHLAQ - 1351 to 1388 - 37 years. During his tenure, his efforts to capture Bengal failed between 1353- 1358. But he made substantial progress in Orissa (Odisha), destroyed the Jagannath Temple, Puri, and also made certain gains over Kangra region. He also succeeded in establishing his region Thatta in lower Sind, where Md.Bin Tughlaq died. By 1387, he abdicated the throne to his prince Muhammad. The slaves rebelled against Muhammad who fled. After this, Firoz appointed his grandson Tughlaq Shah II as his heir, and died an year later in 1388.

Q6. Who were the later rulers of Tughlaq dynasty?

Ghiyath Al Din Tughlaq - 1388 - 89.

Abu Baker - 1389 - 1390.

Nasir Al Din Mo- 1390 - 1394.

Mahammad mud Nasir Al Dinh - 1394 - 1413 (only Delhi)

Nusrat Shah - ruled only Firozabad.

Q7. How the end of Tughlaq dynasty came?
By the time the rule came to Mahmud Nasir Al Din 1394, he had only Delhi to rule as the other regions like Malwa and Gujarat broke away from the Sultanate, Sharqi Kingdom came into existence in 1394 at Jaunpur and to add more misery Timur of the Mongol arrived around 1398-99 and won over Punjab and Delhi. Timur's army ransacked Delhi and indiscriminately massacred Hindus and Muslims. He withdrew in 1399 through Haridwar, Nagarkot and Jammu. His invasion and plundering brought an end to Tughlaq Dynasty although they continued as localized Sultans at Delhi and few other places.
Q8. During the period of Tughlaq rulers, specially Mohammad Bin Tughlaq some departments were created to oversee the reforms. What are they?
Diwani-i-kohi Agricullture Ministry
Diwani-i-Bandagan Department of slaves.
Diwani-i-Khairat Welfare & Public works
Diwani-i-Siyasat A special court
Diwani-i-Wazarat Finance Department
Diwani-i-arz Military
Diwani-i-risalat Public Charities
Diwani-i-insha Records Department.